Adaptive Immunity - 124

Question 0

Name the type of T lymphocytes.

Answer 0

CD4+ T-helper cells (Th1 and Th2)
CD4+ T-Regulatory cells
CD8+ T-Cytotoxic cells

Question 1

Name the three types of Antigen presenting cells.

Answer 1

Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B lymphocytes

Question 2

What activates T-Helper cells?

Answer 2

MHC II presentation

Question 3

What activates T-Cytotoxic cells?

Answer 3

MHC I presentation

Question 4

What type of immune response do Th2 cells stimulate?

Answer 4

Humoral immune response - B cells and antibodies

Question 5

What type of immune response do Th1 cells stimulate?

Answer 5

Cellular immune response - macrophages

Question 6

What happens to dendritic cells and macrophages if they encounter antigens in the peripheries?

Answer 6

They migrate to the paracortex of nodes if activated and present to T cells.

Question 7

What activates CD4+ T-helper cells?

Answer 7

MHC II and exogenous antigen which activates the B cells and macrophages to attack extra-cellular pathogens

Question 8

What activates CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells?

Answer 8

MHC I and endogenous (intracellular) antigens which activates Tc cell to apoptose infected cells

Question 9

What activates B cells?

Answer 9

Either:
#T-helper 2 cells presenting antigen causing the B cell to secrete IL-4 which stimulates proliferation/differentiation
#Macrophages presenting antigen
#Antigen alone (rare)

Question 10

What are T-Helper 0 cells?

Answer 10

Undifferentiated Th cells straight after activation

Question 11

How do T-helper 1 cells proliferate and act?

Answer 11

Cellular immune response
#They secrete IL-2 which acts upon the secreting cell to stimilate proliferation & differentiation.
#They stimulate macrophages by secreting IFN-gamma
#Encourage granuloma formation by secreting TNF-alpha

Question 12

How do T-helper 2 cells proliferate and act?

Answer 12

Humoural Response
#Secrete IL-4 to stimulate proliferation & differentiation on themselves
#Secrete IL-4 to stimulate B cell proliferation

Question 13

How do CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells act?

Answer 13

#Produce cytolytic granules in development
#Survey MHC I on cells for specific antigen
#selectively induce apoptosis by injecting cytotoxic granules

Question 14

How do B cells act?

Answer 14

Differentiate into:
#Effector cells (95%) - Plasma cells (antibodies) & stimulatory cells (migrate to follicles to stimulate other B-cells)
#Memory Cells (5%) - anti-apoptopic properties

Question 15

What is virulence/Pathogenicity?

Answer 15

The ability of a micro-organism to cause disease