Peripheral Artery Disease Flashcards
Exam 2
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Epidemiology
8.5 million people in the U S
Peripheral Arterial Disease : Risk Factors
Atherosclerosis
Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Sedentary lifestyle
Ineffective stress management
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Pathophysiology
Obstruction of blood flow through large peripheral arteries cause partial or total occlusion
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Clinical Manifestations
Intermittent claudication
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Medical Management- Diagnosis
Ankle-brachial index
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Treatment
Prevent progression of disease
Manage symptoms
Peripheral Arterial Disease:
Medical Management- Medications
Antihypertensives
Antiplatelets
Statins
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Surgical Management
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Laser-assisted angioplasty
Rotational artherectomy
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Complications
Acute limb ischemia
What are statins used for?
Buildup of plaque
What are antiplatelet medications for?
To prevent people from getting clots
Peripheral Arterial Disease:
Nursing Management- Assessment and Analysis
Manifestations depend on tissues involved and severity of altered blood flow
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Nursing diagnoses
Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion
Risk for impaired skin integrity
Chronic pain
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Bilateral blood pressures
Palpate all pulses in both legs
Visual assessment of feet and limbs
Temperature of extremities
Assess bilateral muscle tone
Pain
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Nursing Interventions – Actions
Administer medications as ordered
Proper positioning
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Teaching
Positioning
Inspect feet daily
Report chest discomfort
Lifestyle changes
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Evaluating care outcomes
Pain free
Able to participate in normal activities
Carotid Artery Disease: Risk Factors
Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Sedentary lifestyle
Obesity
Ineffective stress management
Carotid Artery Disease: Clinical Manifestations
Asymptomatic until cerebral perfusion is impaired
Stroke or T I A
Carotid Artery Disease: Medical Management- Diagnosis
Carotid bruit
Carotid duplex scan
Computed tomography angiography
Magnetic resonance imaging
What is the most common test used to look at the plaque and stenosis?
Duplex ultrasound
What is coronary artery disease characterized by?
Coronary artery disease is characterized by vessel wall thickening due to plaque formation, and progressive narrowing due to that plaque
Carotid Artery Disease: Medical Management- Medications (What are they used for)
Optimal medical therapy
Healthy lifestyle changes
Management of comorbidities
Carotid Artery Disease: Surgical Management
Carotid endardectomy
Carotid artery stenting
Carotid Artery Disease: Nursing Management – Assessment and analysis
Symptoms of stroke:
Slurred words
Weakness
Severe headache
Sudden vision loss
Facial droop
Dizziness
Carotid Artery Disease:
Nursing Management – Nursing diagnoses
Risk for ineffective tissue perfusion
Anxiety
Carotid Artery Disease:
Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Vital signs
Neurological assessment
Auscultation of carotid arteries
Stroke history
Signs of stroke
Carotid Artery Disease: Nursing Interventions – Assessments Postprocedure CEA
Respiratory rate, SpO2, stridor, tracheal deviation
Vital signs, HR, BP
Carotid Artery Disease: Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Postprocedure CEA- Cranial nerves to check?
Post-CEA—Cranial nerves, specifically VII, X, XI, and XII
Carotid Artery Disease: Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Postprocedure CAS- What to check specifically?
Post-CAS—Renal function
Carotid Artery Disease: Nursing Interventions
Administer medications as ordered
Manage diabetes
Carotid Artery Disease:
Actions Postprocedure CEA/CAS: How should bp be?
Keep systolic blood pressure strictly within ordered parameters
Carotid Artery Disease:
Actions Postprocedure CEA/CAS
What to do if patient is hypotensive?
If patient is hypotensive:
Reposition patient flat
Anticipate orders for vasoactive drips or intravenous fluid bolus
Carotid Artery Disease: Postprocedure CEA/CAS (continued)
If patient is hypertensive: How should bed be?
Maintain head of the bed at 30 degrees
Carotid Artery Disease: Postprocedure CEA/CAS (continued):
Post-CEA- how should head of bed be?
Keep head in neutral position
Carotid Artery Disease: Postprocedure CEA/CAS (continued):
Post-CAS- What should you encourage?
Post-CAS - Encourage fluid intake/Maintain IV fluids
Carotid Artery Disease: Teaching
Clinical manifestations of stroke
Lifestyle changes
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm): What is it?
Permanent location or outpouching that happens within the layer of the artery.
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm): Risk Factors
Family history
Advanced age
Male gender
Smoking
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm): What is it known as? What is it?
High cholesterol
Known C A D
Genetic/metabolic abnormalities
Types of Aneurysms
Fusiform
Saccular
Pseudoaneurysm
Types of Aneurysms: What is a pseudoaneurysm
A false aneurysm only because it is not a real aneurysm.
It is a distortion of part of the vessel.
Types of Aneurysms: What is a fusiform?
Type of outpouching that occurs on both sides of the vessel
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Medical Management- Diagnosis
Computed tomography
Transthoracic echocardiogram
Cardiac M R I
E C G
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Medications
Control hypertension
Statins
Aneyrysm that rupture is a med. emergency
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Surgical Management
Surgical repair and grafting
Ruptured Aneurysm- What does it cause?
Rupture causes sudden and extreme loss of blood
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Nursing Management- Assessment and Analysis
Usually symptomatic until rupture or dissection
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Nursing Diagnoses
Risk for ineffective tissue perfusion
Acute pain
Fear
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Nursing Intervention- Assessments
Vital signs
Neurological assessment
Pain
Peripheral pulses
Peripheral sensation and motor response
Gentle abdominal auscultation and palpation
Signs and symptoms of ruptures
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)
Nursing Interventions- Actions
Administer medications as ordered
Create calm environment
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Teaching
Signs and symptoms of aortic aneurysm and dissection
Follow strict treatment regimen
Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm):
Nursing Management- Evaluating care outcomes
No abdominal, back, or chest pain
No wheezing or shortness of breath
No dysphagia or hoarseness
Normal neurological assessment
