HIV/AIDS

Question 1

OVERVIEW — HIV/AIDS

HIV disease- What is it caused by?

Answer 1

Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 2

OVERVIEW — HIV/AIDS

HIV disease- How does it range?

Answer 2

Several stages ranging from acute infection to death

Question 3

OVERVIEW — HIV/AIDS:

For HIV-infected individual who does not receive treatment, what can occur?

Answer 3

Infection to death is nearly 12 years

Question 4

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV):

Epidemiology: How many people are estimated to be living with aids?

Answer 4

UNAIDS estimated 36.9 million people living with HIV in 2018

Question 5

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV):

Epidemiology: How many people are estimated to be newly infected?

Answer 5

26,000 newly infected 2018

Question 6

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV):

Epidemiology: How many people are estimated to have died from aids related illnesses?

Answer 6

940 000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2017.

Question 7

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV): HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV):

Epidemiology: How many people are estimated to have become infected with the HIV virus since the start of the epidemic?

Answer 7

77.3 million people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic.

Question 8

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV): HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV):

Epidemiology: How many people are estimated to have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic?

Answer 8

35.4 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic.

Question 9

When infected with HIV, what happens to the immune system?

Answer 9

Immune system functions are compromised

Question 10

When infected with HIV, what happens to individuals’ chance of getting infections?

Answer 10

Individual more susceptible to infections

Question 11

HIV replication- What occurs?

Answer 11

Chronic, persistent destruction of infection-fighting cells, the CD4+ cells

Question 12

HIV: Pathophysiology

Answer 12

Viral transmission, seroconversion, and acute viral infection

Question 13

HIV: Pathophysiology

How are the chronic infections?

Answer 13

Asymptomatic chronic infection

Symptomatic chronic infection

Question 14

HIV: Pathophysiology

HIV can turn into what if left untreated?

Answer 14

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 15

HIV CLINICAL MANIFESTIONS

Answer 15

Fever
Cough
Weakness
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea
Dysphagia
Forgetfulness

Skin lesions
Shortness of breath
Headache
Vision changes
Pain
Night sweats
Lymphadenopathy

Question 16

HIV MANAGEMENT:

What assesses for antibodies to the HIV virus?

Answer 16

1. Diagnostic or screening tests assess for antibodies to the HIV virus

Question 17

HIV MANAGEMENT:

Diagnostic or screening tests assess for antibodies to the HIV virus: What are the two types?

Answer 17

1. Rapid tests
2. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) screening test

Question 18

HIV MANAGEMENT:

Rapid tests do not require what?

Answer 18

Rapid tests do not require a laboratory to perform

Question 19

HIV MANAGEMENT:
What does a negative screening test not require?

When should screening be repeated?

Answer 19

Negative screening test does not require confirmation (should repeat in 3 to 6 months)

Question 20

HIV MANAGEMENT:
Negative screening test does not require confirmation (should repeat in 3 to 6 months); What is done?

Answer 20

HIV Western blot

Question 21

HIV Western blot

Answer 21

a laboratory test that separates blood proteins and detects HIV antibodies to confirm or contest an HIV diagnosis

Question 22

HIV:

Drug therapy: What is given prophylactically?

Answer 22

Prophylaxis- PreP (Truvada)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Immunizations

Question 23

HIV Prevention?

Answer 23

Testing for HIV

Question 24

HIV: Treatment barriers?

Answer 24

Inadequate testing

Compliance with the treatment