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Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

Epidemiology

A

16.5 million people over age 20

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2
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

What are the two broad groups of Risk Factors

A

Modifiable

Nonmodifiable

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3
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Pathophysiology:

A

Atherosclerosis forms and occludes coronary arteries

Reduced blood flow through coronary microvasculature

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4
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Modifiable Risk Factors

A

Increased total cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, physical activity

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5
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

Pathophysiology:

Atherosclerosis forms and occludes coronary arteries

This leads to:

A

Unstable angina

Myocardial infarction

Sudden cardiac death

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6
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

NonModifiable Risk Factors

A

Gender, race, heredity, age

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7
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Medical Management- Diagnostic test includes:

A

Labs

EKG

Exercise Stress Test

Coronary angiography

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8
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Pathophysiology:

Reduced blood flow through coronary microvasculature leads to:

A

Ischemic symptoms

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9
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Medications- What do they do?

A

Stop aggregation of blood components to endothelium

Control factors leading to endothelial damage

Relief of symptoms

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10
Q

If someone is having a heart attack, what is the treatment?

A

MONA

Morphine

Oxygen

Nitroglycerin

Aspirin

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11
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Surgical Management includes:

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Coronary artery bypass graft

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12
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Medical Management – Lifestyle management includes:

A

Maintain healthy body weight

Diet

Physical activity

Smoking cessation

Screening and treatment for depression

Refraining from excessive alcohol use

Cardiac rehabilitation

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13
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Complications includes:

A

Myocardial infarction

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14
Q

What to know about nicotine patch?

A

When placing a nicotine patch, make sure to alternate sides;

Patch users can have nightmares so they remove at night

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15
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Nursing Management- Assessment and analysis

A

Careful assessment of chest pain
Be mindful of nonspecific symptoms

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16
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

Nursing Management- Nursing Diagnoses

A

Decreased tissue perfusion

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17
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Nursing Interventions – Assessments

A

Vital signs

Pain

Electrocardiogram

Physical assessment

Patient history

Recreational drug use

Depression screening

Laboratory values

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18
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Nursing Interventions – Actions

A

Administer oxygen

Obtain E C G

Administer medications as ordered

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19
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Nursing Interventions – Actions after P C I

A

Cardiac catheterization care

Report and treat chest pain immediately

Administer anticoagulants

Maintain fluids

Maintain bedrest

20
Q

Coronary Artery Disease:

Nursing Interventions – Teaching

A

Medication regimen

Angina management

Bleeding precautions

Risk factor reduction

When to call emergency services

Encourage cardiac rehabilitation

21
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

Evaluating care outcomes

A

Comply with medication therapy

Maintain healthy diet

Limit alcohol

Engage in regular exercise

22
Q

Infective Endocarditis

A

Infection of endocardium affecting heart valve

Usually bacterial

23
Q

Infective Endocarditis:

Risk Factors:

A

Age

Immunodeficiency

I V drug use

Diabetes mellitus

Prosthetic heart valves

Prior history endocarditis

Congenital/structural heart defect

Intravascular access or cardiac device

24
Q

Infective Endocarditis:

Clinical Manifestations

A

Osler’s nodes
Janeway lesions
Splinter hemorrhage
Murmur
Fever
Fatigue
Confusion

25
Infective Endocarditis: Nursing Management- Diagnosis made how?
Blood cultures Echocardiogram Elevated white blood cell count
26
Infective Endocarditis: Medications
I V antibiotic therapy
27
Infective Endocarditis: Surgical Management
Valve repair or replacement
28
Infective Endocarditis: Complications
Embolic events Transient ischemic attack or stroke Pulmonary emboli Heart failure Dysrhythmia
29
Infective Endocarditis: Nursing Management- Assessment and analysis
Signs and symptoms due to infection Sepsis is possible
30
Infective Endocarditis: Nursing diagnoses
\ Infection Ineffective tissue perfusion Decreased cardiac output
31
Infective Endocarditis : Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Vital signs Auscultate breath and heart sounds Neurologic function Extremities Skin assessment Diagnostic test results History of drug use, invasive procedures, implanted devices, valve replacement surgery
32
Infective Endocarditis: Nursing Interventions – Actions
Administer antibiotics as prescribed Maintain IV access Administer heart failure medications Provide social support Refer to addiction counseling
33
Infective Endocarditis: Teaching
Good oral hygiene Inform healthcare provider of history Complete antibiotic regimen
34
Pericarditis
Inflammation of pericardium
35
Pericarditis: Epidemiology
5% of ED patients with nonischemic chest pain 15%-20% of post-M I patients
36
Pericarditis: Clinical Manifestations
Pleuritic chest pain New or worsening pericardial effusion E C G changes Fever
37
Pericarditis: How is it most times?
bacterial in nature, and it can be described as something either infectious. It can be autoimmune, or it can be neoplastic, meaning it has to do with some type of cancer going on in.
38
Pericarditis: Medical Management- Diagnosis
E C G Chest x-ray Echocardiogram Cardiac C T scan M R I
39
Pericarditis Nursing Management- Medications- What are meds and what are they for?
Alleviate pain Stop inflammatory process Aspirin NSAIDs anti-inflammatories Supportive therapy (ex; oxygen)
40
Pericarditis: Complications
Pericardial effusion- fast or slow Fast- cardiac tamponade
41
Pericarditis: Nursing Management- Assessment and analysis
Signs and symptoms due to friction between inflamed layers of the heart with movement
42
Pericarditis: Nursing diagnoses
Chest pain Risk for decreased cardiac output
43
Pericarditis: Assessments
Vital signs, Pain Auscultate heart sounds, E C G
44
Pericarditis: Nursing Intervention- Actions
Keep head of bed elevated Administer medications as ordered Provide emotional support
45
Pericarditis: Teaching
Avoid strenuous activities Distinguish between pericarditis and heart attack
46
Pericarditis: Evaluating care outcomes
Relief of pain Free from shortness of breath

Medsurg (21 decks)

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