Managing patients with Oxygenation Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis and Larnygeal Cancer Flashcards
Exam 2
Cystic Fibrosis: Epidemiology
How many children and adults are effected?
30,000 children and adults in U.S. are affected
What percent of people are diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis before age 2?
70% diagnosed before age 2
How many new cases of cystic fibrosis a year?
1,000 new cases annually
What causes cystic fibrosis?
Caused by defective gene carried by both parents
How many Americans are carriers of the the defective gene associated with cystic fibrosis?
More than 10 million Americans are carriers
Cystic Fibrosis: pathophysiology
Genetic disease of the exocrine glands
Cystic Fibrosis: pathophysiology
It is a dificiency of what?
Deficiency of protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator
Deficiency of protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator leads to
Disruption of ion transport
Mucus build up
Increased mucus in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems
Cystic Fibrosis- MEdical Management- Diagnosis
Sweat chloride test
Sweat chloride test normal results
Cystic Fibrosis results
Normal: <30 mEq/L
Cystic fibrosis: >60 mEq/L
What is a mandatory newborn screening?
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis: Nursing Management
Assessment and analysis
Thick, sticky mucus
Persistent cough
Tachypnea
Frequent lung infections
Wheezing or shortness of breath
Poor growth or slight weight gain
Steatorrhea
Salty tasting skin
Cystic Fibrosis: Nursing Management
Nursing Diagnoses
Ineffective airway clearance related to increased sputum production
Impaired gas exchange related to increased sputum
Fatigue related to dyspnea
Risk for infection related to stasis of mucus
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to impaired digestive process and absorption of nutrients, increased work of breathing
Cystic Fibrosis: Nursing Interventions- Actions
Monitor vital signs
Airway clearance: postural drainage, percussion
Administer medications as ordered
Maintain nutrition and supplements
Maintain record of weight
Cystic Fibrosis: Nursing Interventions- Teaching
Airway clearance techniques
Diet and supplements
Medication management
Knowing and avoiding risk factors of exacerbation
Genetic screening and counseling
Cystic Fibrosis: Nursing Management- Evaluating care outcomes
Well controlled respiratory status
Free from infection
Adequate nutritional status
Identify exacerbations
Laryngeal Cancer- Epidemiology
How many new diagnoses in 2018
Who has it more?
13,150 new diagnoses in 2018
More men than women
Laryngeal Cancer: Pathophysiology
Where does it originate from?
Originates from squamous cells that line larynx, hypopharynx, and entrance to esophagus
Risk Factors for Laryngeal Cancer?
Tobacco and alcohol use
Poor diet
Compromised immune system
Genetic syndromes
Occupational hazards
Age
Race
G E R D
Laryngeal Cancer: Pathophysiology
What are irritants? What do they do?
Irritants (smoking and alcohol) cause cells to become precancerous
Laryngeal Cancer: Clinical Manifestations
Hoarseness
Change in voice
Persistent sore throat
Constant cough
Pain with swallowing
Ear pain
Difficulty swallowing
Trouble breathing
Lump or mass in neck
Weight loss
Laryngeal Cancer: Medical Management- Diagnosis
Thorough health history
Physical assessment
Endoscopy
Barium swallow, chest X-ray, MRI, PET scan
Laboratory testing
Laryngeal Cancer: Medical Management- Treatment
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Laryngeal Cancer: Surgical Management
Laser surgery
Cordectomy
Partial laryngectomy
Total laryngectomy
