Heart Failure Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Heart Failure Epidemiology

A

6.5 million people over age 20

1 million new cases each year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heart failure is based on what?

A

Based on the ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal ejection fraction of a normal healthy adult?

A

Anywhere between 55-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would the ejection fraction be of someone who is in heart failure?

A

As low as 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is it called when we have heart failure on both sides of the heart?

A

Biventricular Heart Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is right sided heart failure?

A

The inability of the right side of the heart to effectively piump blood to the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What left sided heart failure?

A

The inability of the left side of the heart to effectively pump blood to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute heart failure

A

Something that is sudden; needs to be treated right away.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronic Heart Failure

A

Patient had heart failure for a while

The body has the ability to kind of compensate for that.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a tell tale sign of heart failure?

A

Weight gaining is a tell tale sign of an exacerbation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an important thing to monitor is heart failure patients?

A

Weight

Check weight daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heart Failure Risk Factors

A

C A D,

hypertension,

D M,

metabolic syndrome,

obesity,

smoking,

high sodium intake

African descent

Age- greater than 65

Men greater risk than women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Heart Failure: Pathophysiology

A

Myocardial cell dysfunction

Inability of heart to meet needs of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heart Failure: Clinical Manifestations

A

Fatigue
Weight gain
Tachycardia
Hypo or hypertension
Murmurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heart Failure: Medical Management - Diagnosis

A

Physical assessment
Chest x-ray
Echocardiogram
ECG
Multigated acquisition scans
Laboratory testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heart Failure: Medical Management

Treatment

A

Reduction of risk factors
Manipulation of cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heart Failure- Medical Management- Medications

A

Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonist diuretics
A C E inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If patient is given digoxin, what needs to be checked?

A

HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heart Failure: Surgical Management

A

Internal cardiac defibrillator

Ventricular assist device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What may patients be given to treat heart failure? Why?

A

Nitroglycerin or vasodilators

Open up the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Heart Failure- Self-Management

A

Symptom monitoring
Medication adherence
Lifestyle changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Heart Failure- Complications

A

Pulmonary edema
Renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heart Failure: Nursing Management- Assessment and Analysis

A

Signs and symptoms related to weakened cardiac contraction, decreased cardiac output, back up of blood, poor peripheral perfusion

24
Q

Heart Failure: Nursing Diagnoses

A

Impaired oxygenation
Decreased cardiac output
Ineffective peripheral perfusion

25
Heart Failure: Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Vital signs Breath sounds Monitor rate and rhythm Skin color, temperature, peripheral pulses Dry, persistent cough Activity intolerance Urine output Daily weight Laboratory data Depression screening Social support
26
Heart Failure: Nursing Interventions- Actions
Oxygen therapy Elevate head of bed Administer medication as ordered Fluid and sodium restriction
27
Heart Failure: Teaching
Medication management Maintain activity as tolerated Low-salt diet Daily weight Cardiac rehabilitation Signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure
28
Heart Failure: Evaluating Care Outcomes
Reduced dyspnea Absence of fatigue Participates in activities of daily living Reduced hospitalizations
29
Hypertension: Epidemiology
78 million people in the U S
30
Hypertension: Risk Factors
Race Gender Socioeconomic status
31
Hypertension: Clinical Manifestations
Headaches Chest pain Vision changes Shortness of breath Renal dysfunction Dizziness Fatigue Nosebleeds
32
Hypertension: Medical Management- Diagnosis
Two or more bp readings on >2 office visits
33
Hypertension: Treatment
Lifestyle changes Medications
34
Hypertension: Medications
Diuretics Antihypertensives
35
Hypertension: Lifestyle Management
Weight Diet Alcohol consumption Exercise Stress
36
Hypertension: Complications
Dilated cardiomyopathy Systolic dysfunction Renal failure Stroke Hypertensive crisis
37
Hypertension: Nursing Management- Assessment and analysis
Typically no symptoms until disease is advanced
38
Hypertension: Nursing diagnoses
Risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management Risk for decreased cardiac output
39
Hypertension: Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Neurological assessment Blood pressure Examination of optic fundi Auscultation for bruits Palpation for edema and pulses Labs B M I and waist circumference
40
Hypertension: Nursing Interventions – Actions
Administer medications as ordered Provide DASH diet
41
DASH diet
1,600 mg sodium restriction
42
Hypertension: Teaching
Adherence to medication regimen Adherence to lifestyle changes Monitor blood pressure at home Signs and symptoms of complications
43
Hypertension: Nursing Management – Evaluating care outcomes
Increased energy Absence of energy, headache, dizziness, vision changes
44
Myocardial Infarction Epidemiology
630,000 deaths per year One in four deaths
45
Myocardial Infarction: Risk Factors
Smoking High L D L Type 2 diabetes Elevated adrenaline Obesity Inactivity Hypertension
46
Myocardial Infarction: Non-modifiable Risk Factors
Male sex Post menopausal women Family History
47
Myocardial Infarction: Clinical Manifestations
Chest pain Shoulder and arm pain `
48
Myocardial Infarction: Medical Management-Diagnosis
Laboratory tests (troponin, etc) Diagnostic testing
49
Myocardial Infarction: Medical Management- Treatment
Maximize oxygenation Control pain Dilate coronary arteries Prevent clots Decrease myocardial workload
50
Myocardial Infarction: Medical Management- Medications
Oxygen Nitroglycerin Aspirin Pain medication
51
Myocardial Infarction: Surgical Management
Coronary artery bypass graft
52
Myocardial Infarction: Complications
Heart failure Arrhythmias
53
Myocardial Infarction: Nursing Management- Assessment and analysis
Signs/symptoms related to lack of oxygen delivery
54
Myocardial Infarction- Nursing Management – Nursing diagnoses
Decreased cardiac output Pain
55
Myocardial Infarction: Nursing Interventions – Assessments
Vital signs and pulse oximetry Characteristics of pain E C G Restlessness Skin color and temperature, peripheral pulses, diaphoresis Urine output Labs
56
Myocardial Infarction: Nursing Interventions – Assessments Post-CABG
HR and BP Hemodynamic monitoring Continuous cardiac monitoring Heart tones Breath sounds and continuous oxygen saturation Core temperature
57
Myocardial Infarction: Nursing Interventions – Actions
Administer oxygen Insert two large-bore IVs Administer medications as ordered Continuous E C G monitoring Bed rest