Multi-drug Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders

Question 1

Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders:

What is required for a pathogen to cause a disease?

Answer 1

A susceptible host and a mode of transmission

Question 2

Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders:

What is required for an infection to be transmitted?

Answer 2

A transport mechanism

Question 3

Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders:

What are modes of transmission?

Answer 3

Routes of transmission:

Contact
Airborne
Vehicle
Vector borne

Question 4

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS include:

Answer 4

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Clostridium difficile

Question 5

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Epidemiology of:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 5

S aureus

Question 6

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Pathophysiology:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 6

Aerobic, gram-positive, nonsporulating coagulase-positive bacterium

Question 7

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Clinical Manifestations:

Answer 7

Minor skin infections

Question 8

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Complications of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 8

Increased morbidity and mortality rates

Septic shock

Question 9

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS :

Epidemiology of:
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Answer 9

3rd most common organisms seen in nosocomial infections

Question 10

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS :

Pathophysiology of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Answer 10

Remain viable on environmental surfaces for 7 days to 2 months

Question 11

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Clinical Manifestations of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE):

Answer 11

Back pain, pain on urination, sensation of needing to urinate, and fever

Wound infections typically present as red and hot

Question 12

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Complications of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Answer 12

Growing list of resistance to antimicrobial agents

Emergence of vancomycin-resistant S aureus

Question 13

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Epidemiology of C. Diff

Answer 13

Most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the U.S.

Question 14

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Pathophysiology of C. Diff

Answer 14

Spore-forming, gram-positive anaerobic bacillus

Transmitted through the oral fecal route

Question 15

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

C. Diff

3 ways patients exposed in hospitals

Answer 15

Contact with health-care workers’ contaminated hands

Contact with the contaminated environment

Direct contact with a patient with a C diff infection

Question 16

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS :

Clinical manifestations

Answer 16

Range from symptomless to fulminant fatal pseudomembranous colitis

Question 17

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:

Clostridium difficile (cont’d)

Complications

Answer 17

Volume depletion (hypovolemia)

Renal insufficiency

Electrolyte imbalances (hypo/hyperkalemia, hypo/hypernatremia)

Hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin levels)

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum)

Paralytic ileus (intestinal obstruction)

Toxic megacolon (rapid dilation of the large intestines)

Fulminant pseudomembranous colitis

Sepsis

Death

Question 18

Paralytic ileus

Answer 18

(intestinal obstruction)

Question 19

Toxic megacolon

Answer 19

(rapid dilation of the large intestines)

Question 20

MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS MANAGEMENT:

Diagnosis

Answer 20

Begins with detection

Question 21

MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS MANAGEMENT:

Treatment

Answer 21

Hand hygiene
Isolation

Question 22

MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS MANAGEMENT:

Assessment and analysis

Typical signs of infection

Answer 22

Fever
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypovolemia