Multi-drug Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders Flashcards
Exam 2
Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders:
What is required for a pathogen to cause a disease?
A susceptible host and a mode of transmission
Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders:
What is required for an infection to be transmitted?
A transport mechanism
Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infectious Disorders:
What are modes of transmission?
Routes of transmission:
Contact
Airborne
Vehicle
Vector borne
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS include:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Clostridium difficile
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Epidemiology of:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
S aureus
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Pathophysiology:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Aerobic, gram-positive, nonsporulating coagulase-positive bacterium
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Clinical Manifestations:
Minor skin infections
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Complications of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Increased morbidity and mortality rates
Septic shock
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS :
Epidemiology of:
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
3rd most common organisms seen in nosocomial infections
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS :
Pathophysiology of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Remain viable on environmental surfaces for 7 days to 2 months
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Clinical Manifestations of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE):
Back pain, pain on urination, sensation of needing to urinate, and fever
Wound infections typically present as red and hot
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Complications of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Growing list of resistance to antimicrobial agents
Emergence of vancomycin-resistant S aureus
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Epidemiology of C. Diff
Most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the U.S.
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Pathophysiology of C. Diff
Spore-forming, gram-positive anaerobic bacillus
Transmitted through the oral fecal route
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
C. Diff
3 ways patients exposed in hospitals
Contact with health-care workers’ contaminated hands
Contact with the contaminated environment
Direct contact with a patient with a C diff infection
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS :
Clinical manifestations
Range from symptomless to fulminant fatal pseudomembranous colitis
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS:
Clostridium difficile (cont’d)
Complications
Volume depletion (hypovolemia)
Renal insufficiency
Electrolyte imbalances (hypo/hyperkalemia, hypo/hypernatremia)
Hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin levels)
Hypotension (low blood pressure)
Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum)
Paralytic ileus (intestinal obstruction)
Toxic megacolon (rapid dilation of the large intestines)
Fulminant pseudomembranous colitis
Sepsis
Death
Paralytic ileus
(intestinal obstruction)
Toxic megacolon
(rapid dilation of the large intestines)
MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS MANAGEMENT:
Diagnosis
Begins with detection
MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS MANAGEMENT:
Treatment
Hand hygiene
Isolation
MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS MANAGEMENT:
Assessment and analysis
Typical signs of infection
Fever
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypovolemia
