Periparturient Conditions

Question 1

How might we know if placenta’s have been retained?

Answer 1

Persistent green vulval discharge in dogs
Brown in cats

Question 2

What drug could be given to ‘empty’ uterus?

Answer 2

oxytocin - causes myometrial contractions

Question 3

If placental retention is not treated, what could this lead to?

Answer 3

Pyometra - infection in the uterus

Question 4

What is postpartum metritis?

Answer 4

Infection and inflammation of the uterus

Question 5

What are the clinical signs of postpartum metritis?

Answer 5

Persistant purulent vulval discharge

Lethargy

Pyrexia

Question 6

What is Mastitis?

Answer 6

Inflammation of the mammary gland

Question 7

Clinical signs of mastitis

Answer 7

Localised pain

erythemic & firm mammary glands

purulent exudate

lethargy

anorexia

Question 8

agalactia

Answer 8

absence of milk production

Question 9

In which stage of the breeding cycle does would mastitis occur?

Answer 9

Met-oestrus:
Prolactin- milk production
Progesterone - mammary gland enlargement

Anoestrus:
Mastitis only happen if pregnant at this stage

Question 10

Mastitis treatment

Answer 10

Antibiotics

Manual expression

Anti-inflammatory

opioids

hot & cold compresses

Question 11

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - Aetiology

Answer 11

Progesterone is a insulin antagonist

Question 12

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - pathophysiology

Answer 12

Insulin opens cell pathways so that electrolytes and glucose can enter

Elevated blood glucose levels

Question 13

Clinical signs of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 13

-Polyuria
-Polydipsia
-Polyphagia

Question 14

Treatment of gestational diabetes

Answer 14

Insulin injections and close observation of blood glucose levels

Question 15

Why is a pregnant bitch be more susceptible to low blood calcium levels?

Answer 15

Milk production

Skeletal mineralisation

Question 16

What is Eclampsia?

Answer 16

Low blood calcium levels

Question 17

Eclampsia aetiology

Answer 17

• Dietary excess OR deficiency in calcium
• Common late gestation

Question 18

Eclampsia clinical signs

Answer 18

Restlessness

panting

increased salivation

pryexia

Tachycardia

Question 19

What is the calcium phosphorus ratio for cats and dogs?

Answer 19

1-1 / 1.5-1

Question 20

Eclampsia treatment

Answer 20

Slow exogenous intraveous administration of calcium gluconate

Oral/ subutaneous calcium administration

Question 21

The bitch/queen should be approx ….. above her pre-breeding body weight

Answer 21

5-10%

Question 22

How will eclampsia effect homeostasis

Answer 22

The body have an increased need for calcium

Question 23

What stage of oestrus cycle dos eclampsia occur?

Answer 23

Met-oestrus or lactation

Question 24

First time breeder advice

Answer 24

Cost

Time investment

Moral considerations

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