Nervous System Flashcards
Central Nervous Sytem
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Sensory Input
Specialised nerve cells called sensory neurons collect information and transmit impulse
Integration
The CNS processes the input
Motor output
The PNS sends out impulses through motor nerves to muscles, glands and other organs
Peripheral nerves can be divided into
AUTONOMIC- Involuntary control
SOMATIC- Voluntary control
Neurons
Responsible for transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another via synapse
Neurological cells
Connective tissue supports the neuron
Dendrites
Extensions that branch from one end of cell body. They receive information from other neurons and send impulses towards cell body
Axon
a CABLE LIKE PROJECTION LOCATED ON OPPOSITE END OF THE CELL BODY FROM THE DENDRITE. Axon carries impulses away from cell body and toward next neuron train
Interneurons (relay neurons)
These connect neurons to the other neurons, lie between a sensory and motor neuron
A nerve
A bundle of neurons
Neurotransmitters
travel between neurons at the synaptic cleft, include-
-Acetycholine
-Adrenaline
-Dopamine
-Serotonin
Depolarization of a neuron
-Sodium chanel opens on neuron cell membrane
-Sodium ions flow into cell by passive diffusion
-increase in sodium leads to a positive electrical charge
Repolarization of a neuron
-Sodium channels close
-k+ channels open
-K+ diffuses out of the cell
-Resting state resotred
Grey matter
Consists of unmyelinated neurons, neuron cell bodies, and gilal cells
White Matter
Made up of myelinated neurons ad gilal cells
Meninges
Protective membrane layers around the brain and spinal cord:
1. Dura Mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia Mater
Ventricular System
A series of interconnecting canals and cavaties/ventricles found inside the brain and spinal cord
Choroid Plexus
The netwrok of capillaries known as the choroid plexus produces CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
Surrounds brain and spinal cord, protects and supplies nutrients
Blood brain barrier
Modification of neurological tissue that connects and supports all the neurons
Cerebrum
Consciousness and Intelligence, located in forebrain
Thalamus
Processes information from the sense organs and relays the information to the cerebral cortex
Epithalamus
Contains the pineal gland-secretes melatonin
Cerebellum
Coordinating movement/ located in hindbrain
Reflex arc
Reflexes happen unconsciously whenever something sharp or hot is touched
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic- ‘Fight or Flight’
Parasympathetic- ‘rest and digest
Cauda Equina
The spinal cord terminates in a series of fine nerves known as cauda equina
