Cell Biology

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

-Contains chromosomes
- Chromosomes contain DNA which tells cells how to function

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

-Made up of RNA
-Produces ribosomes

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

-Covered in carbohydrates to help recognise other cells
-Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
-Allows certain substances to move in an out (selectivley permeable)

Question 4

Simple Diffusion

Answer 4

Oxygen and water enter the cell this way.

Question 5

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

Substance attatches to a carrier protien to help it cross the membrane.
This occurs through pores in the cell membrane

Question 6

Active Transport

Answer 6

-Low to high concentration
-Needs ATP

Question 7

Passive transport

Answer 7

-High to low concentration
-no ATP

Question 8

Endocytosis

Answer 8

Engulfed in mebrane

Question 9

Exocytosis

Answer 9

particles are expelled from the cell

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

-Provides the cell with support
-Contains organelles, glucose, protiens and ions

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

-Cellular respiration
-Extraction of energy from food

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

-Digest material taken in by cell
-Destroy worn out cells

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

-Protien Synthesis
-Binds to mRNA

Question 14

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

• Transports and adds structure to proteins

Question 15

Golgi Body

Answer 15

-modification of protiens for their final destination
-helps formations of lysosomes

Question 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

-Synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids

Question 17

Peroxisomes

Answer 17

Active process of detoxification

Question 18

Vacuoles

Answer 18

• Maintains pressure within a plant cell

Question 19

Flagella

Answer 19

An extension of the cell membrane on certain cells to allow propelling moving (e.g. spermatoza)

Question 20

Cillia

Answer 20

Allow smaller movements over the cell surface to move debris

Question 21

Somatic cells

Answer 21

-Divide by mitosis
-Contain diploid number of chromosomes
-Almost all cells are somatic cells

Question 22

Germ Cells

Answer 22

-Divide by meiosis
-sex cells
-Haploid number of chromosomes

Question 23

Mitosis
Prophase

Answer 23

-Chromosomes replicated
-Nuclear membrane breaks down
-Chromosomes contract and shorten
-Spindle fibres start to form

Question 24

Mitosis:
Metaphase

Answer 24

• Chromosomes line up on equator and draw apart

Question 25

Mitosis
Anaphase

Answer 25

-Chromosomes attach to spindle fibres
-Chromatids move apart

Question 26

Mitosis:
Telophase

Answer 26

-Chromatids will be new chromosomes
-Spidle fibres break down
-Nuclear membrane reforms itself

Question 27

Interphase

Answer 27

DNA makes a copy of itself ready for prophase

Question 28

Meiosis:
Prophase 1

Answer 28

-Crossing over occurs here resulting in new combinations of genes

Question 29

Meiosis:
Metaphase 1

Answer 29

-Chromosomes arrange in pairs

Question 30

Meiosis:
Anaphase 1

Answer 30

Pairs seperate into chromatids and migrate along spindle fibres

Question 31

Meiosis:
Telophase 1

Answer 31

-Cytoplasm divides
-2 daughter cells are formed

Question 32

Haploid

Answer 32

half the full set of chromosomes - found in sex cells only

Question 33

Diploid

Answer 33

full number of chromosomes

Question 34

Chromatid

Answer 34

half a chromosome