People Flashcards
Mary Ainsworth
researched the effects of maternal separation on child development - secure vs. insecure attachment
Albert Bandura
Social learning theory/modeling behavior (Bobo); believed that aggression is learned through a process called behavior modeling. He believed that individuals do not actually inherit violent tendencies, but they modeled them after three principles
Diana Baumrind
named the parenting styles - authoritarian, permissive, authoritative
Erik Erikson
Stages of psycho-social development ie. generativity vs stagnation; identity crisis
Sigmund Freud
Stages of development - oral, anal, phallic, etc
Jean Piaget
Stages of development - sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational.
Carol Gilligan
Specialized and wrote books on girl’s development
Harry Harlow
Wire vs. soft monkey-attachment
Kohlberg
Moral development-preconventional, conventional, post conventional
Lorenz
Imprinting (humans don’t) “fly away home”
Vygotsky
Early psychologist who investigated the role of culture in child development
Phineas Gage
railroad worker who had a piece of pipe blow a hole through his head; survived by his personality changed; scientists learned you could manipulate the brain.
Candance Pert and Solomon Snyder
discovered the body produces its own morphine by injecting laboratory animals with morphine.
Joseph Gall
founder of phrenology (thought that characteristics could be determined by bumps on the skull).
Oliver Sacks
neurologist who writes books containing interesting stories about his patients (An Anthropologist from Mars; The Man who Mistook his Wife for a Hat).
Sandra Witelson
gained access to the brain of Albert Einstein and discovered that a region used for mathematical thinking was 15% wider than the average brain; theorized that either Einstein was born with a gifted brain or that it grew because he used that area of his brain more often.
Hans Burger
invented a machine that could detect, amplify, and record waves of electrical activity in the brain using metal electrodes pasted to the surface of the scalp (EEG).
Heinrich Kluver and Paul Bucy
proved that lesions in the temporal lobe (including the amygdala) calmed ferocious monkeys.
Vernon Mark
Neurosurgeon who implanted electrodes in an overly aggressive patient’s (Julia) brain and recorded the activity of the amygdala to discover if it was making her violent; discovered that high activity in the amygdala was causing violence; Mark performed surgery and destroyed part of her amygdala and caused her fits of rage to go away.
Julia
Overly aggressive patient who suffered from severe fits of rage; Vernon Mark performed surgery to destroy some of her amygdala and lost most of her violent tendencies.
Wilder Penfield
stimulated exposed parts of the cortex during surgery on his epileptic patients and mapped the human cortex in 1947; discovered that certain areas of the brain specialize in receiving sensory information.
Paul Broca
French physician who observed people who have incurred damage in an area of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere lose the ability to form words to produce fluent speech; region of the brain called Broca’s area.
Carl Wernicke
German neurologist who found that people with damage to a part of the left temporal lobe lose their ability to comprehend speech; region of the brain called Wernicke’s Area.
Gustav Fechner
German physicist who proposed that each side of the brain has its own mind; speculated if the brain was divided in half, you would have two separate streams of consciousness.
Philip Vogel and Joseph Bogen
Two neurosurgeons who described the case of a severe epileptic man who had a split-brain procedure done; his behavior seemed normal at first, but after further research it was realized that there were side effects.
Roger Sperry
conducted a study in 1968 showing that the two halves of the brain work together; took split-brain patients (client named NG) and had them focus on a black dot while occasionally flashing a picture of a spoon; when spoon was shown in the right hemisphere NG could say spoon because it went to the left brain; when spoon was shown in the left hemisphere NG couldn’t say spoon but could pick it out because it went to the right brain; Sperry said in split brain subject the two sides function independently, but in normal brains the two sides work together.
Michael Gazzaniga
worked with Sperry; conducted a similar experiment to Sperry using the word tea cup instead.
Jerre Lecy
took pictures of various faces and cut them and pasted different halves together; had patients stare at different halves of the picture and report who they saw.
Justine Sergent
explored the issue of information traveling through split brain patients through “subcortical” structures.
Sir John Eccles
disagreed with Sperry’s theories of split brain patients having two different minds.
Joseph Ledoux
tested a split brain patient known as PS who had the ability to communicate with the right hemisphere by arranging scrabble letter with the left hand, however the two sides of his brain often disagreed with each other.
Mark Rosenzweig
built an amusement park for rats to examine the effects of an enriched environment on neural development; proved experiences can spark the growth of new synaptic connections and mold the brain’s neural architecture.
Avi Karni and Leslie Ungerleider
tested the proposition that repeated stimulation of a body part would cause corresponding changes in the human brain; showed that repetition can spark the buildup of a new synaptic connection among neurons.
Michael Merzenich
severed the nerve of the middle finger of an adult monkey and found that the area of somatosensory cortex dedicated to that finger did not wither away, but that nearby neurons activated by other fingers filled in the dormant region.
V.S. Ramachandran
author of Phantoms in the Brain; wrote about phantom pains in amputees based off his experience with teenage soccer player, Tom Sorenson, who lost his left arm in an auto accident; stroked Tom’s face with a Q-tip and discovered different areas of the face stimulated different areas on his missing arm; “mapped” the missing arm in the boys face; discovered some nerves are interconnected.
Ivan Pavlov
a Russian scientist most famous for describing the psychological phenomenon referred to as a “conditioned response”.
B.F. Skinner
believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He called this approach operant conditioning.
Konrad Lorenz
William James
Functionalst
