Chapter 11: Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence Test

A

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. -

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2
Q

Mental Age

A

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. -

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3
Q

Stanford-Binet

A

the widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test. -

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4
Q

Intelligence Quotient

A

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. -

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5
Q

Intelligence

A

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. -

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6
Q

Factor Analysis

A

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score. -

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7
Q

General Intelligence

A

According to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. -

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8
Q

Savant Syndrome

A

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. -

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9
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. -

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10
Q

Creativity

A

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. -

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11
Q

Aptitude Test

A

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; capacity to learn. -

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12
Q

Achievement Tests

A

tests designed to assess what a person has learned. -

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13
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

A

the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. -

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14
Q

Standardization

A

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group. -

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15
Q

Normal Curve

A

the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. -

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16
Q

Reliability

A

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting. -

17
Q

Validity

A

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. -

18
Q

Content Validity

A

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. -

19
Q

Criterion

A

the behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity. -

20
Q

Predictive Validity

A

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. -

21
Q

Mental Limitations (Retardation)

A

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. -

22
Q

Down Syndrome

A

a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup. -

23
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. -