Chapter 17: Therapy

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.

Question 2

Eclectic Approach

Answer 2

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Question 3

Resistance

Answer 3

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

Question 4

Transference

Answer 4

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.

Question 5

Active listening

Answer 5

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.

Question 6

Behavior Therapy

Answer 6

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Question 7

Exposure Therapies

Answer 7

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.

Question 8

Token Economy

Answer 8

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.

Question 9

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Answer 9

a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).

Question 10

Family Therapy

Answer 10

therapy that treats the family as a system. views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.

Question 11

Meta-Analysis

Answer 11

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.

Question 12

Lithium

Answer 12

in psychopharmacology, this is used to control bipolar symptoms.

Question 13

Psychosurgery

Answer 13

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

Question 14

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 14

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

Question 15

Interpretation

Answer 15

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight.

Question 16

Client-Centered Therapy

Answer 16

A humanistic therapy based on Carl Roger’s beliefs that an individual has an unlimited capacity for psychological growth and will continue to grow unless barriers are placed in the way.

Question 17

Counterconditioning

Answer 17

a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning.

Question 18

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 18

A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Question 19

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 19

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Question 20

Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

Answer 20

A Cognitive Therapy based on Albert Ellis’ theory that cognitions control our emotions and behaviors; therefore, changing the way we think about things will affect the way we feel and the way we behave.

Question 21

Regression Towards the Mean

Answer 21

the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.

Question 22

Psychopharmacology

Answer 22

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Question 23

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Answer 23

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

Question 24

Lobotomy

Answer 24

a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

Question 25

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 25

involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors.

Question 26

Gestalt Therapy

Answer 26

existential/experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility, and that focuses upon the individual’s experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person’s life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.