Chapter 12: Motivation and Work Flashcards
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Drive-Reduction Theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.
Incentive
(can relate to operant conditioning) a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s theory of the most important motivations people have.
Glucose
The body’s blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate.
Set Point
the point at which one’s body tries maintain weight.
Basal Metabolic Rate
body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.
Anorexia Nervosa
an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Bulimia Nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Sexual Response Cycle
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Refractory Period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm.
Sexual Disorder
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
Estrogen
general term for female steroid sex hormones.
Testosterone*
Male sex hormone*
Sexual Orientation
sexual preference; can affect clusters in the hypothalamus; an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex
Flow
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Personnel Psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.
Organizational Psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
Structured Interviews
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.
Achievement Motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard.
Task Leadership
goal-oriented leadership; sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.
Social Leadership
group-oriented leadership; builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.
Theory X
Bosses feel the need to control their workplace more, thinking that their workers do not do anything without supervision/ need to do work.
Theory Y
Bosses see workers as self motivated to do work, they do not have to make people work.
Yerkes-Dodson Law*
Theory that a degree of psychological arousal helps performance, but only to up to a certain point
