Chapter 12: Motivation and Work

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Question 3

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 3

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

Question 5

Incentive

Answer 5

(can relate to operant conditioning) a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 6

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 6

Maslow’s theory of the most important motivations people have.

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

The body’s blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate.

Question 8

Set Point

Answer 8

the point at which one’s body tries maintain weight.

Question 9

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 9

body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.

Question 10

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 10

an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Question 11

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 11

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Question 12

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 12

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 13

Refractory Period

Answer 13

a resting period after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm.

Question 14

Sexual Disorder

Answer 14

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Question 15

Estrogen

Answer 15

general term for female steroid sex hormones.

Question 16

Testosterone*

Answer 16

Male sex hormone*

Question 17

Sexual Orientation

Answer 17

sexual preference; can affect clusters in the hypothalamus; an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex

Question 18

Flow

Answer 18

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills.

Question 19

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Answer 19

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 20

Personnel Psychology

Answer 20

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Question 21

Organizational Psychology

Answer 21

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

Question 22

Structured Interviews

Answer 22

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.

Question 23

Achievement Motivation

Answer 23

a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard.

Question 24

Task Leadership

Answer 24

goal-oriented leadership; sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.

Question 25

Social Leadership

Answer 25

group-oriented leadership; builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.

Question 26

Theory X

Answer 26

Bosses feel the need to control their workplace more, thinking that their workers do not do anything without supervision/ need to do work.

Question 27

Theory Y

Answer 27

Bosses see workers as self motivated to do work, they do not have to make people work.

Question 28

Yerkes-Dodson Law*

Answer 28

Theory that a degree of psychological arousal helps performance, but only to up to a certain point