Penile and Urethra Cancer Flashcards
What percentage of male cancer does penile cancer account for?
Less than 1%
What is an early in life measure that can prevent penile cancer?
Circumcision
What are three contributing factors to penile cancer?
Smegma and Phimosis and HPV
What is Smegma?
White secretion that collects under the prepuce of foreskin
What is Phimosis?
Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce
What five factors could contribute to Urethra Cancer?
Chronic Irritation, Infections, STDS (HPV16), Stricture
What is the average age range for men that have urethra cancer?
58-60
What percentage of urethra cancer occurs in men under 40?
10%
What is the primary prognostic indicator of penile cancer? ( 2 answers)
Extent of Lesion and Nodal Involvement
What is the long-term survival rate for tumors free nodal involvement?
80-90%
What is the long-term survival rate for inguinal nodal involvement?
40-50%
What is the long-term survival rate for inguinal node + pelvic node involvement?
less than 20%
Bulbomembraneous tumors have a poor prognosis. True or False?
True
Distal urethra lesions have a similar prognosis to what cancer?
Penile
prostatic urethra lesions have a similar prognosis to what cancer?
Bladder
What are the three tissues within the penis?
TWO Corpus Cavernosa and Corpus Spongiosum
What nodes do the prepuce and skin of the shaft drain into? (1 answer)
Superficial Inguinal Nodes
What nodes do the penile urethra and fossa navicularis drain into? (2 answers)
deep and superficial inguinal nodes
What three possible lymphatic routes can the bulbomembranous and prostatic urethra drain to?
External iliacs, obturator and internal Iliac’s or pre-sacral nodes
What does penile cancer present as? (2 answers)
Infection and Foul smell
What does urethral cancer present as? (5 answers)
Obstructive symptoms, tenderness, dysuria, urethral discharge, and occasional hematuria
What is the common pathology of penile cancer AND Urethral cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the purpose of a biopsy for penile cancer?
determine histology
What is the purpose of a CT for penile cancer?
determine nodal involvement
What two procedures are completed in the process of detecting urethral cancer?
Cystoscopy and Urethroscopy
What staging system is used for penile cancer?
TNM
What is the common site of regional metastasis for penile cancer?
Inguinal nodes
Distal mets from penile cancer are common. True or False?
False, they are uncommon
What percentage of urethral cancers are SCC?
80%
What percentage of prostatic urethral cancers are Transitional Cell Carcinoma?
90%
What location of the urethra region are adenocarcinomas most prevalent?
Bulbomembranous Urethra
What is the common site of metastasis for bulbomembranous and prostatic urethra cancer?
Pelvic nodes
What are four methods of treatment for penile cancer?
Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation and Brachytherapy
What is the treatment of choice for distal urethral tumors?
Total or Partial Penectomy
What is the treatment of choice for proximal urethral lesions?
Total Penectomy with Prostatectomy and Cystectomy for very Proximal lesions
What are some side effects to be expected from penile and urethral cancer treatment? (5 answers)
Erythema, Dry and Moist desquamation, Swelling of the shaft, Stricture and Ulceration
What is the typical XRT dosage for penile cancer?
45-50 Gy with a boost of 60-70 Gy
