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Principles and Procedures > Penile and Urethra Cancer > Flashcards

Penile and Urethra Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of male cancer does penile cancer account for?

A

Less than 1%

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2
Q

What is an early in life measure that can prevent penile cancer?

A

Circumcision

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3
Q

What are three contributing factors to penile cancer?

A

Smegma and Phimosis and HPV

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4
Q

What is Smegma?

A

White secretion that collects under the prepuce of foreskin

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5
Q

What is Phimosis?

A

Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce

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6
Q

What five factors could contribute to Urethra Cancer?

A

Chronic Irritation, Infections, STDS (HPV16), Stricture

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7
Q

What is the average age range for men that have urethra cancer?

A

58-60

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8
Q

What percentage of urethra cancer occurs in men under 40?

A

10%

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9
Q

What is the primary prognostic indicator of penile cancer? ( 2 answers)

A

Extent of Lesion and Nodal Involvement

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10
Q

What is the long-term survival rate for tumors free nodal involvement?

A

80-90%

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11
Q

What is the long-term survival rate for inguinal nodal involvement?

A

40-50%

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12
Q

What is the long-term survival rate for inguinal node + pelvic node involvement?

A

less than 20%

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13
Q

Bulbomembraneous tumors have a poor prognosis. True or False?

A

True

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14
Q

Distal urethra lesions have a similar prognosis to what cancer?

A

Penile

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15
Q

prostatic urethra lesions have a similar prognosis to what cancer?

A

Bladder

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16
Q

What are the three tissues within the penis?

A

TWO Corpus Cavernosa and Corpus Spongiosum

17
Q

What nodes do the prepuce and skin of the shaft drain into? (1 answer)

A

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

18
Q

What nodes do the penile urethra and fossa navicularis drain into? (2 answers)

A

deep and superficial inguinal nodes

19
Q

What three possible lymphatic routes can the bulbomembranous and prostatic urethra drain to?

A

External iliacs, obturator and internal Iliac’s or pre-sacral nodes

20
Q

What does penile cancer present as? (2 answers)

A

Infection and Foul smell

21
Q

What does urethral cancer present as? (5 answers)

A

Obstructive symptoms, tenderness, dysuria, urethral discharge, and occasional hematuria

22
Q

What is the common pathology of penile cancer AND Urethral cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

What is the purpose of a biopsy for penile cancer?

A

determine histology

24
Q

What is the purpose of a CT for penile cancer?

A

determine nodal involvement

25
Q

What two procedures are completed in the process of detecting urethral cancer?

A

Cystoscopy and Urethroscopy

26
Q

What staging system is used for penile cancer?

A

TNM

27
Q

What is the common site of regional metastasis for penile cancer?

A

Inguinal nodes

28
Q

Distal mets from penile cancer are common. True or False?

A

False, they are uncommon

29
Q

What percentage of urethral cancers are SCC?

A

80%

30
Q

What percentage of prostatic urethral cancers are Transitional Cell Carcinoma?

A

90%

31
Q

What location of the urethra region are adenocarcinomas most prevalent?

A

Bulbomembranous Urethra

32
Q

What is the common site of metastasis for bulbomembranous and prostatic urethra cancer?

A

Pelvic nodes

33
Q

What are four methods of treatment for penile cancer?

A

Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation and Brachytherapy

34
Q

What is the treatment of choice for distal urethral tumors?

A

Total or Partial Penectomy

35
Q

What is the treatment of choice for proximal urethral lesions?

A

Total Penectomy with Prostatectomy and Cystectomy for very Proximal lesions

36
Q

What are some side effects to be expected from penile and urethral cancer treatment? (5 answers)

A

Erythema, Dry and Moist desquamation, Swelling of the shaft, Stricture and Ulceration

37
Q

What is the typical XRT dosage for penile cancer?

A

45-50 Gy with a boost of 60-70 Gy

Principles and Procedures (27 decks)

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