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Principles and Procedures > Pancreatic Cancer > Flashcards

Pancreatic Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreatic cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer deaths. True or false?

A

True

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2
Q

What is the age range that commonly experiences pancreatic cancer?

A

50-80 yo

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3
Q

What is the survival rate of pancreatic cancer?

A

9.3%

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4
Q

What are some etiological contributors to pancreatic cancer? (6)

A

Smoking, Hereditary cancers, Genetics, Environmental, Lifestyle, other diseases

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5
Q

What are the three sections of the pancreas? (from right to left)

A

Head, Body, and Tail

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6
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas located?

A

overlapped by the duodenum

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7
Q

Where is the body of the pancreas located?

A

posterior to the stomach and anterior to IVC

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8
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas located?

A

terminates at the splenic hilum

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9
Q

What structures is the pancreas in direct contact with? (6)

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Stomach, Blood Vessels, Spleen and Kidneys

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10
Q

Why is pancreatic cancer considered so deadly?

A

Due to its close proximity to other structures and accessibility to expand

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11
Q

What is the composition of exocrine to endocrine tissue of the pancreas?

A

98% exocrine and 2% endocrine

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12
Q

What do endocrine cells produce?

A

Insulin

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13
Q

What is the entry in the duodenum from the panceas?

A

papilla of vater

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14
Q

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

A

Digestive fluids production

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15
Q

What is the function of the endocrine pancreas?

A

hormone production

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16
Q

What are the pancreatic nodes? (5)

A

Celiac, sup and inf pancreaticoduodenal nodes, Splenic nodes, Porta hepatis nodes, Supra-pancreatic node

17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pancreatic cancer? (4)

A

Jaundice, Abd pain, Anorexia and weight loss, obstruction due to tumor invasion

18
Q

What is the most commonly used detection technique used for pancreatic cancer?

A

Spiral CT

19
Q

How is an endoscopic ultrasound utilized in pancreatic cancer detection?

A

A transducer is sent orally into the stomach to which waves are sent off and read by the sonogram

20
Q

What percentage of pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma?

A

80%

21
Q

What staging system is used for pancreatic cancer?

A

TNM system

22
Q

What pattern of spread do pancreatic cancer utilize?

A

local invasion to surrounding structures, direct extension, and hematogenous to liver

23
Q

What is the treatment of choice for pancreatic cancer?

A

Surgery, not often due to unresectability

24
Q

What is another name for a pancreaticoduodenectomy?

A

Whipple procedure

25
Q

What is done during a Whipple procedure?

A

The head of the pancreas, entire duodenum, distal stomach, gallbladder, and common bile duct are resected

26
Q

What is the survival rate for pancreatic cancer after curative surgery?

A

less than 10%

27
Q

Adjuvant combine modality treatment has improved survival to 18-29 months. True or false?

A

True

28
Q

What critical structures are involved during pancreatic cancer treatment? (4)

A

Small bowel, kidney, liver, stomach

29
Q

What is the standard treatment design for pancreatic cancer? (4)

A

3 or 4 Fields, 45 Gy, Lateral dose of 20 Gy for liver and kidneys, IMRT

30
Q

What is the dose limits for pancreatic cancer radiation therapy alone? With chemo/surgery?

A

54 Gy alone, 45 Gy w/ combined

31
Q

What is the dose restriction on the kidneys?

A

23 Gy

32
Q

What is the dose restriction on the liver?

A

30 Gy

33
Q

What is the dose restriction on the Small bowel?

A

40 Gy

34
Q

What is the dose restriction on the cord?

A

45 Gy

35
Q

What is the dose restriction on the Stomach?

A

50 Gy

36
Q

What is the rule with treatment the head of the pancreas and the kidneys involvement?

A

Since the right kidney is 50% in the field of treatment, the other kidney must be 2/3 shielded

37
Q

What is the set up for pancreatic cancer? (4)

A

Supine, immobilized, arms up and leg comfort

38
Q

What are the most common side effects of pancreatic cancer?

A

N/V (antiemetics), Leukopenia, Diarrhea, Stomatitis

39
Q

What is the long term side effect of pancreatic cancer?

A

Renal Failure (rare)

Principles and Procedures (27 decks)

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