Colorectal Cancer Flashcards
90% of colorectal cancer occur in patients over the age of ____?
50
Cancers in the large bowel occur in the _____ and _____?
Distal Colon and Rectum
What portion of the colon has been noted to have an increase in prevalence for women?
Right
Colorectal cancer is the ___ leading cause of cancer deaths in the US (includes both men and women).
2nd
What are the top 4 leading cancers?
Breast, Prostate, Colorectal and Lung
Colorectal Cancer has been linked to what type of diets?
Hight fat low fiber, processed and red meats, low fruits and vegs
What is Chrohn’s disease?
immune system attacks GI Tract
What are adenomatous polyps?
growths that arise in the mucosal lining of bowel
adenomatous polyps are ____?
glandular
Adenomatous polyps are villous, tubular or both?
both, based on growth pattern
What are the eight regions of the colon?
Cecum, Ascending, Hepatic Flexure, Tranverse, Splenic, Descending, Sigmoid, Rectum
What portion of the colon are intraperitoneal?
Cecum, Transverse and sigmoid
What portion of the colon are retroperitoneal?
Ascending/descending, flexures
What does intraperitoneal characteristics include?
Complete mesentery and Serosa, freely mobile
What does retroperitoneal characteristics include?
Lack of mesentery and Serosa, due to this invasion to an adjacent structure is common
What is the function of the rectal?
retain feces until the body ready to expel
What are the 3 folds of the rectum?
Superior RV, Middle RV, Inferior RV
Due to its location retroperitoneally, what structures can be invaded?
Prostate, Vagina, Bladder and Sacrum
What are the four cross-sections of the bowel?
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis propria, Serosa
What is mucosa?
lining of the lumen
What is submucosa?
Rich in lymphatics and BV
What is Muscularis?
Muscle layer for peristalsis
What is Serosa?
Layer of fat
What is the lymphatic drainage of Rt & Lt colon and Sigmoid?
Rt colon drain to sup mesenteric, Lt colon and sigmoid drains to Inf Mesenteric
Where could low rectal lesions expand to?
into the anal canal and inguinal nodes
What is the clinical presentation of colorectal cancer?
Rectal bleeding, Hematochezia, Diarrhea/constipation, Stool changes
What is tenesmus?
Spasm of the rectum with desire to empty
What is the clinical presentation of left colon?
bloody stool, obstructive symptoms, abdominal pain (indicated severity)