Lymphomas Flashcards
Lymphomas are the primary cancers of the _______ system?
Lymphoreticular
What are the two main categories of lymphomas?
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)
Who discovered Hodgkins Lymphoma and when?
Thomas Hodgkins and 1832
Between Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s, which has a predictable pattern of spread?
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
What type of cells are found in the lymphatics of Hodgkins Lymphatics?
Reed Sternberg Cell
`The lymphatic system works along what type of system?
Circulatory
What is the function of the lymphatics system?
Transport nutrients and removal of wastes
Blood cells are often released through lymphatics, what type of blood cells are those?
Red Blood Cells
Some portions of the blood produce lymph. True or False?
True
What structures are apart of the lymphatics system?
Nodes, Lymph Fluids and Lymphatic Organs
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
Production of lymphocytes and Filtration of foreign particles
What are the 5 major lymphatic organs?
Spleen, Thymus, Tonsils, Adenoids and Bone Marrow
What are the two types of Lymphocytes?
T and B Lymphocytes
Where do lymphocytes develop?
Bone Marrow
Where do Lymphocytes mature?
Lymphatic organs
What type of cells are recycled in the spleen?
Red Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells are recycled by what organ?
Spleen
Lymphoreticular tumors occur more in women. True or False?
False, it occurs more in Men
What is the age range in which lymphomas are most commen?
20-34
In what stage of life are risk for lymphomas most high?
Adolescence and early adulthood
What is the five year survival rate of Lymphomas?
87%
What are some causes to be associated with lymphomas? (4 answers)
Defective T-Cell Function, Possible link to Epstein-Barr Virus/Mononucleosis, Family History, and HIV
What are some prognostic indicators for lymphoma? (10 answers)
Staging at time of diagnosis, reproductive factors, Alkylating agents, age, presence of B symptoms, number of sites, lower abdominal involvement, splenic involvement, elevated serum markers and erythrocyte sedimentation rates
What is the clinical presentation of lymphoma?
Painless Mass
Where do the painless masses of lymphoma commonly seen?
Neck (Cervical), S’Clav, and mediastinal
Where do most lymphomas occur?
Above the diaphragm
What percentage of people experience B-Symptoms?
1/3
What are B Symptoms?
Fever (>100), Drenching night sweats, 10% weight loss in less than 6 months
What are some of the occasional symptoms of B symptoms?
Alcohol induced pain and Pruritus
What is Pruritus?
unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch
What are some physical detections for those that have lymphomas?
Enlarged nodes, Mediastinal mass, B Symptoms, Enlarged Spleen or abdomen, Bony tenderness, Pleural effusion, Groin nodes
What test are completed for lymphoma?
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase levels, radiographic studies, bone marrow biopsy
What is the a sign of lymphoma?
Reed Sternberg Cells being present in the lymphatics
What is a pathological indication of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkins lymphoma?
Reed Sternberg Variant which has a distinct popcorn cell shaped nucleus
Who are the primary demographic that NLPHL affect?
Men, specifically 30-50
What are the common node involved in NLPHL?
Nodes in the neck and axilla
What percentage of lymphomas, are Classic Hodgkins Lymphoma?
95%
What are the 4 subtypes of Hodgkins Lymphoma?
NSHL (Nodular Sclerosis), MCHL (Mixed cellularity) , LRHL (Lymphocyte-rich) , LDHL (Lymphocyte-depleted)
What is the most common of the Hodgkins lymphomas?
MCHL (Mixed cellularity)
Which Hodgkins lymphoma has the worst prognosis?
LDHL (Lymphocyte-depleted)
What staging system do lymphoma’s utilize?
Ann Arbor Staging System
What is the difference between Stage I and II & Stage III and IV?
Stage I and II have nodes on the same side of the diaphragm, while Stage II has nodes on both side of the diaphragm and Stage IV is widespread
What are the 4 categories that the lymphomas can be placed into during staging?
A, B, E, S
What is Category A of lymphomas?
There are no B symptoms present
What is Category B of lymphomas?
There are B symptoms present
What is Category E of lymphomas?
There are HL cells found outside the lymphatics
What is Category S of lymphomas?
There are HL cells found in the spleen
