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Principles and Procedures > Lymphomas > Flashcards

Lymphomas Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphomas are the primary cancers of the _______ system?

A

Lymphoreticular

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2
Q

What are the two main categories of lymphomas?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)

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3
Q

Who discovered Hodgkins Lymphoma and when?

A

Thomas Hodgkins and 1832

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4
Q

Between Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s, which has a predictable pattern of spread?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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5
Q

What type of cells are found in the lymphatics of Hodgkins Lymphatics?

A

Reed Sternberg Cell

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6
Q

`The lymphatic system works along what type of system?

A

Circulatory

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7
Q

What is the function of the lymphatics system?

A

Transport nutrients and removal of wastes

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8
Q

Blood cells are often released through lymphatics, what type of blood cells are those?

A

Red Blood Cells

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9
Q

Some portions of the blood produce lymph. True or False?

A

True

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10
Q

What structures are apart of the lymphatics system?

A

Nodes, Lymph Fluids and Lymphatic Organs

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11
Q

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

A

Production of lymphocytes and Filtration of foreign particles

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12
Q

What are the 5 major lymphatic organs?

A

Spleen, Thymus, Tonsils, Adenoids and Bone Marrow

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13
Q

What are the two types of Lymphocytes?

A

T and B Lymphocytes

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14
Q

Where do lymphocytes develop?

A

Bone Marrow

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15
Q

Where do Lymphocytes mature?

A

Lymphatic organs

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16
Q

What type of cells are recycled in the spleen?

A

Red Blood Cells

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17
Q

Red Blood Cells are recycled by what organ?

A

Spleen

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18
Q

Lymphoreticular tumors occur more in women. True or False?

A

False, it occurs more in Men

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19
Q

What is the age range in which lymphomas are most commen?

A

20-34

20
Q

In what stage of life are risk for lymphomas most high?

A

Adolescence and early adulthood

21
Q

What is the five year survival rate of Lymphomas?

A

87%

22
Q

What are some causes to be associated with lymphomas? (4 answers)

A

Defective T-Cell Function, Possible link to Epstein-Barr Virus/Mononucleosis, Family History, and HIV

23
Q

What are some prognostic indicators for lymphoma? (10 answers)

A

Staging at time of diagnosis, reproductive factors, Alkylating agents, age, presence of B symptoms, number of sites, lower abdominal involvement, splenic involvement, elevated serum markers and erythrocyte sedimentation rates

24
Q

What is the clinical presentation of lymphoma?

A

Painless Mass

25
Q

Where do the painless masses of lymphoma commonly seen?

A

Neck (Cervical), S’Clav, and mediastinal

26
Q

Where do most lymphomas occur?

A

Above the diaphragm

27
Q

What percentage of people experience B-Symptoms?

A

1/3

28
Q

What are B Symptoms?

A

Fever (>100), Drenching night sweats, 10% weight loss in less than 6 months

29
Q

What are some of the occasional symptoms of B symptoms?

A

Alcohol induced pain and Pruritus

30
Q

What is Pruritus?

A

unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch

31
Q

What are some physical detections for those that have lymphomas?

A

Enlarged nodes, Mediastinal mass, B Symptoms, Enlarged Spleen or abdomen, Bony tenderness, Pleural effusion, Groin nodes

32
Q

What test are completed for lymphoma?

A

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase levels, radiographic studies, bone marrow biopsy

33
Q

What is the a sign of lymphoma?

A

Reed Sternberg Cells being present in the lymphatics

34
Q

What is a pathological indication of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Reed Sternberg Variant which has a distinct popcorn cell shaped nucleus

35
Q

Who are the primary demographic that NLPHL affect?

A

Men, specifically 30-50

36
Q

What are the common node involved in NLPHL?

A

Nodes in the neck and axilla

37
Q

What percentage of lymphomas, are Classic Hodgkins Lymphoma?

A

95%

38
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of Hodgkins Lymphoma?

A

NSHL (Nodular Sclerosis), MCHL (Mixed cellularity) , LRHL (Lymphocyte-rich) , LDHL (Lymphocyte-depleted)

39
Q

What is the most common of the Hodgkins lymphomas?

A

MCHL (Mixed cellularity)

40
Q

Which Hodgkins lymphoma has the worst prognosis?

A

LDHL (Lymphocyte-depleted)

41
Q

What staging system do lymphoma’s utilize?

A

Ann Arbor Staging System

42
Q

What is the difference between Stage I and II & Stage III and IV?

A

Stage I and II have nodes on the same side of the diaphragm, while Stage II has nodes on both side of the diaphragm and Stage IV is widespread

43
Q

What are the 4 categories that the lymphomas can be placed into during staging?

A

A, B, E, S

44
Q

What is Category A of lymphomas?

A

There are no B symptoms present

45
Q

What is Category B of lymphomas?

A

There are B symptoms present

46
Q

What is Category E of lymphomas?

A

There are HL cells found outside the lymphatics

47
Q

What is Category S of lymphomas?

A

There are HL cells found in the spleen

Principles and Procedures (27 decks)

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