Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles and Procedures > GYN Cancer > Flashcards

GYN Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Is cervical carcinoma more prevalent among old or younger women?

A

younger women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some etiological factors contributing to gynecological cancers? (6 answers)

A

Poor, early sexual activity, multiple partners, pelvic lesions (HPV & HSII), Smoking, Nulliparity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What had helped to increase the early detection of cervical cancer?

A

Pap smears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what portion of cervical cancer is caught in the early non-invasive stage?

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a gynecologic cancer risk factor specific to married women? (1 answer)

A

Those with husbands that have penile cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the effect of DES (Diethylstilbestrol) have on the risk for gynecological cancer?

A

Those that were exposed to DES before birth have a higher risk to develop Clear Cell Cervical and Vaginal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is attributing to the increase in endometrial cancer? (2 answers)

A

An aging population, Diets high in fats and calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the peak incidence age for gynecological cancer?

A

58

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are two other health conditions that contribute to the occurrence of gynecological cancer?

A

Diabetes and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Those that are 50 lbs heavier are likelier to develop gynecological cancer. True or False?

A

True, 9x more likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the nodes involved in the gynecological cancer region? ( 5 answers) “Physicians Commonly Intervene Extra Objectively”

A

Periaortic, Common Iliac, Internal Iliac, External Iliac, and Obturator Nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the outermost portion of the Gyn tract?

A

Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three sections of the vulva?

A

Labia majora, Labia Minora, and Clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the perineum located in female anatomy?

A

Between the vulvovaginal complex and anal verge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain the vagina. Characteristics? Dimensions? Location? ( 4 answers)

A

Muscular tube, 6-8 inch sup from the vulva, Ant to rectum, and Post to Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most inferior portion of the uterus that extends into the apex of the vagina?

A

The cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain the cervix. Characteristics? ( 3 answers)

A

Firm/round structure, 1.5 cm to 3 cm diameter, protrudes into the vagina creating spaces called fornices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain the Cervical Os. (1 answer)

A

canal the extends into the vagina through the cervix into the uterine cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain the Uterus. Characteristics? Dimensions? Location? (4 answers)

A

Hollow muscular structure, Overlays the bladder, extend laterally to fallopian tubes (transfer tube for eggs into the uterus), and Parametrium is tissue lateral to the uterine cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are three important structures to consider in gynecological cancer?

A

Bladder, rectum and Small Bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What portion of the anatomy should be considered in the treatment design for gynecological cancer? ( 2 answers)

A

Primary lesions and draining lymphatics (inguinal, Pelvic and Para-aortic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common malignant female genital carcinoma?

A

Endometrium Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Endometrium cancer is ___ most common in women.

A

4th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the mucous membrane lining the uterus called?

A

Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the smooth muscle portion of the uterus called?

A

Myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the outer portion of the uterus called?

A

Perimetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What two factors are contributing to the increase in endometrial cancer?

A

Hormone exposure w/o progesterone and obesity (3-5x more likely)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does endometrium cancer present as? (2 answers)

A

Postmenopausal bleeding (1/3 of experience is cancer) and sometimes putrid discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What percentage of gynecological diagnosis are early stage?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are some prognostic factors for endometrial cancer? (4 answers)

A

Grade, Depth of Invasion, Nodal involvement, Tumor size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the gold standard for the detection of endometrial cancer?

A

Fractional dilation and curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are some technologies used for diagnostics of endometrial cancer? (4 answers)

A

CT/MRI, Cystoscopy, Proctoscopy, and CA-125 levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the staging system used for endometrium cancer?

A

FIGO staging, (only difference is FIGO staging indicates the depth of invasion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the relative 5-year survival rate for endometrium cancer?

A

15-90% depending on staging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the most common histology of endometrial cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the method of spread for endometrial cancer? (2 answers)

A

Pelvic and Para-aortic nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the treatment options for endometrium cancer? (3 answers)

A

Surgery, RT, and Chemo ( all depend on stage, grade, and status)

38
Q

What does TAH stand for in gynecological cancer situations?

A

Total Abdominal hysterectomy

39
Q

What is the radiotherapy regime used for endometrial cancer?

A

EBRT with 50 Gy boost to 75 Gy brachytherapy

40
Q

What is the name of the devices used to aid in the treatment of the vaginal cuff? (2 answers)

A

Vaginal Cylinders and Colpostats

41
Q

What type of imaging is used for treatment planning?

A

Orthogs

42
Q

Describe the simulation/set-up for endometrial cancer. ( 3 answers)

A

Pt flat, pillow for comfort, immobilize feet,

43
Q

What other devices are utilized in simulation to add image clarification? (2 asnwers)

A

Rectal and Vaginal markers

44
Q

What are the critical structures to consider when treating endometrium cancer?

A

Endometrial cavity (75-90 Gy), Bladder/Rectum (65-75 Gy), Small bowel (below 50 Gy), Nodes (45-50 Gy)

45
Q

What age group does ovarian cancer mostly affect?

A

50-70 yo

46
Q

Ovarian cancer is the ____ leading cause of cancer deaths in women.

A

5th

47
Q

What are some of the risk factors for Ovarian Cancer? ( 6 answers)

A

Older age, Family History, Late/Few pregnancies, Late menopause, Other cancer history, Diets high in meats and fats.

48
Q

What is the most deadly of the Gyn Cancers?

A

Ovarian Cancer

49
Q

Why is ovarian cancer so deadly?

A

Symptoms don’t present until widely disseminated

50
Q

What are the common symptoms of Ovarian Cancer? (4 answers)

A

Abdominal, Pelvic Pain, Nausea, and Constipation

51
Q

What is the route of spread for ovarian cancer?

A

into the abdominal cavity lymph nodes through pelvic nodes

52
Q

What percentage of Ovarian Cancers are epithelial?

A

90%

53
Q

What staging system is used for ovarian cancer?

A

FIGO

54
Q

What is the treatment of choice for early-stage ovarian cancer?

A

TAH with bilateral salpinhoopherectomy

55
Q

What is the treatment of choice for epithelial ovarian tumors?

A

Debulking and surgical evaluation

56
Q

What is true about early-stage ovarian cancer?

A

Usually have good outcomes

57
Q

In the case of ovarian cancer, XRT is often given pre or post-op?

A

Post-op

58
Q

The entire peritoneal cavity is included in the treatment field for ovarian cancer. True or False?

A

True

59
Q

Cervical carcinoma is more prevalent among what demographics?

A

Younger women 20-50, Poor women and early sexual active women

60
Q

What two viruses are found in 99% of cervical cancers?

A

HPV 16 and 18

61
Q

What two lifestyle factors influence the risk of cervical cancer?

A

Nulliparity and Smoking

62
Q

What does cervical cancer present as?

A

Bleeding, Slow growing, Hematuria and discharge

63
Q

At what age are routine pap smears recommend for women?

A

21

64
Q

What are diagnostics taken for cervical cancer?

A

Colposcopy with biopsy for abnormal pap smear

65
Q

What are some imaging diagnostics utilized for Cervical cancer?

A

PET/CT, MRI. Cytoscopy, and Proctoscopy

66
Q

What are some of the lymph nodes involved in cervical cancers?

A

Parametrial, Pelvic, Common iliacs and paraaortics.

67
Q

In the case of Cervical cancer, increased invasion means?

A

Poor outcome

68
Q

What is the most common histology of cervical cancer?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

69
Q

What staging system is used for cervical cancer?

A

FIGO

70
Q

What is the treatment of choice for early-stage cervical cancer?

A

TAH with a small vaginal cuff dissection

71
Q

Whats a hysterectomy?

A

Removal of uteres

72
Q

What is the difference between a total and radical hysterectomy

A

Total involves the removal of the cervix and radical involved the removal the vagi

73
Q

what is the advantage of brachytherapy?

A

high does to tumor with little exposure to critical structures

74
Q

What is the advantage,e of placing the patient prone for cervical cancer?

A

Allows the bowel to be placed outside the field

75
Q

What are some devices used for the cervix during the process of radiotherapy?

A

Rectal/vagina markers, rectal barium

76
Q

Where is point A for cervical cancer?

A

2 cm superior to cervical os and 2 cm lateral to the endometrial cancer

77
Q

Where is point B for cervical cancer?

A

3 cm lateral from Point A

78
Q

What does vuvla cancer present as?

A

suspicious lump, exophytic, labia majora (most common)

79
Q

What age group does ovarian cancer mostly affect?

A

Women less than 50

80
Q

What is the predictable vulvar cancer lymphatics spread?

A

Superficial inguinal, Deep femoral and then eventually pelvic nodes

81
Q

What are diagnostics taken for vulva cancer?

A

CT and cystourethroscopy

82
Q

What is the often used treatment for vuvlar cancer?

A

vulectomy with node dissection

83
Q

What are some symptoms of vulva cancer?

A

Most desquamation and smaller tissue thickness, which can be resolved with bolus

84
Q

What is the 5-year survival rate for Vulva cancer?

A

70%

85
Q

Why is it important to have a vuvla cancer patient set-up uniquely? (pt frog legged and bolus)

A

Patients need to physically widen the field being treatment and also bolus is used to bring the dose higher on the skin

86
Q

What is the most common location of vulva cance?

A

posterior third fo vagina

87
Q

What is the dose limit for endometrial cancer?

A

45-50 Gy, boost to 10-15 Gy

88
Q

What is the dose limit for vuvla cancer?

A

50 Gy, boot to 15-20 Gy

89
Q

What is the dose limit for cervical cancer?

A

45 Gy, boost to 10-15 Gy

90
Q

What is the dose limit for vaginal cancer?

A

45-50 Gy

Principles and Procedures (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions