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Infectious Disease > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of a penicillin?

A
  1. Thiazolidine ring
  2. B-lectam ring
  3. One “R” group
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2
Q

What are penicillins susceptible to?

A

Susceptible to bacterial metabolism and inactivation by amidases/lactamases

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3
Q

Which Beta-lactam has different stereochemical configuration in the ring that imparts resistance to most common B-lactamases?

A

Carbapenems

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4
Q

What is the general AE of penicillins?

A

N/V/D

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5
Q

If you’re taking penicillin, low concentrations are found where?

A
  1. Prostate
  2. CNS
  3. Intraocular
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6
Q

If you’re taking penicillin, high concentrations are found where?

A
  1. Urine

2. Bladder

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7
Q

What is the half-life of penicillin?

A

30-90minutes

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8
Q

What are the narrow spectrum penicillins?

A

Pen G/V

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9
Q

What are the penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

A
  1. Dicloxacillin
  2. Nafcillin
  3. Oxacillin
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10
Q

What are the antipseudomonal penicillins?

A
  1. Piperacillin w/ tazo

2. Ticarcillin w/ clav

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11
Q

What kind of bacteria does Pen G/V cover?

A

G+, mainly strep

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12
Q

How would you synthesize a penicillinase-resistant penicillin from a narrow spectrum penicillin?

A

Add isoxazolyl side group to protect B-lactam ring from hydrolysis

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13
Q

What kind of bacteria does penicillinase-resistant penicillin cover?

A

Same as Pen G/V, but also staph

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14
Q

How would you synthesize an extended spectrum penicillin from penicillinase-resistant penicillin?

A

Add amino group; this increases hydrophilicity so that RX can go thru porins of some G-

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15
Q

What kind of bacteria does extended spectrum penicillin cover?

A

Same as Pen G/V, but some G- and anaerobes

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16
Q

Of the subgroups of extended spectrum penicillin, which one has more of an advantage?

A

Antipseudomonal penicillins are better than aminopenicillins because they have additional coverage such as Proteus

17
Q

Penicllins

  • Narrow
  • Narrow, but Penicillinase-R
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Anti-pseudomonal

Which one covers both Strep and Staph?

A

Narrow, but Penicillinase-R

18
Q

Penicllins

  • Narrow
  • Narrow, but Penicillinase-R
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Anti-pseudomonal

Which one covers T. pallidum?

A

Narrow

19
Q

Penicllins

  • Narrow
  • Narrow, but Penicillinase-R
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Anti-pseudomonal

Which one covers Pseudo and Proteus infections?

A

Anti-pseudomonal

20
Q

Penicllins

  • Narrow
  • Narrow, but Penicillinase-R
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Anti-pseudomonal

Which one is effective against MSSE?

A

Both Narrow

+ Narrow, but Penicillinase-R

21
Q

Penicllins

  • Narrow
  • Narrow, but Penicillinase-R
  • Aminopenicillins
  • Anti-pseudomonal

Which one is effective against MSSA?

A

Narrow, but Penicillinase-R

22
Q

What are the skin tests used to detect allergic rxns to cephalosporins?

A

There are none lol

23
Q

What is an important fact about a penicillin allergy with drug fever or rash?

A

May safely give another B-lactam

24
Q

What is an important fact about a penicillin allergy with hives or anaphylaxis?

A
  1. IgE mediated
  2. Do NOT give B-lactam with potential cross-reactivity**

**Aztreonam does not display cross-reactivity and can be used

Infectious Disease (32 decks)

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