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Infectious Disease > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 1st Gen Cephalosporins?

A
  1. Cefadroxil
  2. Cefazolin
  3. Cephalexin

**Cefa/Cepha sound

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2
Q

What are the 2nd Gen Cephalosporins?

A
  1. CeFAclor
  2. CefPROzil
  3. CeFURoxime
  4. CeFOXitin
  5. CefoteTAN

**Family (FA) of PRO-sided FURry FOXes TAN

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3
Q

What are the 4th Gen Cephalosporins?

A

Cefepime

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4
Q

What are the 5th Gen Cephalosporins?

A

Ceftaroline

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5
Q

What do cephalosporins NOT have any activity to?

A

MRSA, listeria, or enterococci

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6
Q

Which generation of cephalosporins have great G+ coverage?

A

1st Gen

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7
Q

Which generation of cephalosporins have great G- coverage?

A

5th Gen

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8
Q

What do the 1st Gen cephalosporins cover?

A
  1. Mostly Strep
  2. Most MSSA
  3. Few G- like E. coli and K. pneumoniae
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9
Q

Which cephalosporin is still used in surgical procedures?

A

Cefazolin

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10
Q

What is the oral bioavailability of the 1st Gen cephalosporins?

A

High oral bioavailability

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11
Q

Which 1st Gen cephalosporin has the longest half-life?

A

Cefadroxil, not by much though

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12
Q

Because of their half-life, what is the usual dosing interval for 1st Gen cephalosporins?

A

Twice a day

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13
Q

What do the 2nd Gen cephalosporins cover?

A

Same as 1st Gen and more G- coverage such as H. influenzae

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14
Q

Which specific 2nd Gen cephalosporin has more coverage than the rest, and what are they?

A

Cefoxitin + Cefotetan (both are cephamycins)

Also cover aerobic/anaerobic G- bacilli and B. fragilis

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15
Q

What is the half-life difference in the 2nd Gen cephalosporins?

A

Cefotetan has a half-life of 3-4 hrs (administered twice daily) compared with every 6 hrs for cefoxitin

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16
Q

What do the 3rd Gen cephalosporins cover?

A

H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and less G+ due to less resistance to B-lactamases

17
Q

What are some special coverages of 3rd Gen cephalosporins?

A

Ceftazidime - P. aeruginosa

Ceftizoxime and Ceftriaxone - N. gonorrhea

18
Q

Do 1st Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?

A

No

19
Q

Do 2nd Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?

A

No

20
Q

Do 3rd Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?

A

Yes, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

21
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin has the highest half-life?

A

Ceftriaxone (administered once daily)

22
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin are dosed 2-3 times daily?

A

Ceftizoxime and ceftazidime

23
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin has the shortest half-life?

A

Cefotaxime (administered every 4 hrs to twice daily)

24
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin covers P. aeruginosa?

A

Ceftazidime

25
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin covers N. gonorrhea?

A

Ceftizoxime and Ceftriaxone

26
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporins covers uncomplicated gonoccoal infections of cervix, urethra, and rectum?

A

Cefixime

27
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin is recommended for treating early Lyme disease?

A

Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone

28
Q

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporins is recommended to treating typhoid fever?

A

Ceftriaxone

29
Q

What do the 4th Gen cephalosporins cover?

A

3rd Gen + Citrobacter, Enterobacter and (okay) coverage of Psudomonas

30
Q

Why are 4th Gen cephalosporins able to hit G- bugs easily?

A

They are zwitterions, able to cross outer membrane more rapidly and less susceptible to inactivation by AmpC B-lactamases

31
Q

What is the black box warning of the 4th Gen cephalosporin?

A

*Cefepime btw

All-cause mortality w/ this RX was higher than other cephalosporins

32
Q

Which Gen of cephalosporins have MRSA coverage?

A

5th Gen (Ceftaroline)

33
Q

Unlike Penicillins, how many side chains do cephalosporins have?

A

2

34
Q

What is the general AE of cephalosporins?

A
  1. Reduction in Vit. K-producing bacteria (Hypoprothrombinema + bleeding)
  2. Alcohol intolerance

Infectious Disease (32 decks)

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