Cephalosporins Flashcards
What are the 1st Gen Cephalosporins?
- Cefadroxil
- Cefazolin
- Cephalexin
**Cefa/Cepha sound
What are the 2nd Gen Cephalosporins?
- CeFAclor
- CefPROzil
- CeFURoxime
- CeFOXitin
- CefoteTAN
**Family (FA) of PRO-sided FURry FOXes TAN
What are the 4th Gen Cephalosporins?
Cefepime
What are the 5th Gen Cephalosporins?
Ceftaroline
What do cephalosporins NOT have any activity to?
MRSA, listeria, or enterococci
Which generation of cephalosporins have great G+ coverage?
1st Gen
Which generation of cephalosporins have great G- coverage?
5th Gen
What do the 1st Gen cephalosporins cover?
- Mostly Strep
- Most MSSA
- Few G- like E. coli and K. pneumoniae
Which cephalosporin is still used in surgical procedures?
Cefazolin
What is the oral bioavailability of the 1st Gen cephalosporins?
High oral bioavailability
Which 1st Gen cephalosporin has the longest half-life?
Cefadroxil, not by much though
Because of their half-life, what is the usual dosing interval for 1st Gen cephalosporins?
Twice a day
What do the 2nd Gen cephalosporins cover?
Same as 1st Gen and more G- coverage such as H. influenzae
Which specific 2nd Gen cephalosporin has more coverage than the rest, and what are they?
Cefoxitin + Cefotetan (both are cephamycins)
Also cover aerobic/anaerobic G- bacilli and B. fragilis
What is the half-life difference in the 2nd Gen cephalosporins?
Cefotetan has a half-life of 3-4 hrs (administered twice daily) compared with every 6 hrs for cefoxitin
What do the 3rd Gen cephalosporins cover?
H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and less G+ due to less resistance to B-lactamases
What are some special coverages of 3rd Gen cephalosporins?
Ceftazidime - P. aeruginosa
Ceftizoxime and Ceftriaxone - N. gonorrhea
Do 1st Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?
No
Do 2nd Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?
No
Do 3rd Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?
Yes, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin has the highest half-life?
Ceftriaxone (administered once daily)
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin are dosed 2-3 times daily?
Ceftizoxime and ceftazidime
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin has the shortest half-life?
Cefotaxime (administered every 4 hrs to twice daily)
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin covers P. aeruginosa?
Ceftazidime
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin covers N. gonorrhea?
Ceftizoxime and Ceftriaxone
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporins covers uncomplicated gonoccoal infections of cervix, urethra, and rectum?
Cefixime
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin is recommended for treating early Lyme disease?
Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone
Which 3rd Gen cephalosporins is recommended to treating typhoid fever?
Ceftriaxone
What do the 4th Gen cephalosporins cover?
3rd Gen + Citrobacter, Enterobacter and (okay) coverage of Psudomonas
Why are 4th Gen cephalosporins able to hit G- bugs easily?
They are zwitterions, able to cross outer membrane more rapidly and less susceptible to inactivation by AmpC B-lactamases
What is the black box warning of the 4th Gen cephalosporin?
*Cefepime btw
All-cause mortality w/ this RX was higher than other cephalosporins
Which Gen of cephalosporins have MRSA coverage?
5th Gen (Ceftaroline)
Unlike Penicillins, how many side chains do cephalosporins have?
2
What is the general AE of cephalosporins?
- Reduction in Vit. K-producing bacteria (Hypoprothrombinema + bleeding)
- Alcohol intolerance
