Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
What age is considered
Neonate
0-28 days
What age is considered
Infant
1 month - 12 months
What age is considered
Child
1-12 years
What age is considered
adolescent
13-18 years
When to seek urgent care for a child that is
<3 months
Temp of 100.4 (rectal)
When to seek urgent care for a child that is
3-6 months
Temp of 101 (rectal)
When to seek urgent care for a child that is
>6 months
Temp of 103 (rectal)
What is APGAR scoring? When is it done and what does it include?
System to score a newborn’s general condition
Done 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Includes HR, respiratory effort, color, muscle tone, and reflex irritability
Score 0-10
Score of 7 and higher = healthy
What typical medications are given to the baby at birth?
IM vitamin K
Ophthalmic erythromycin or silver nitrate
First dose of Hep B vaccine
What does a low APGAR score usually indicate?
Immature lung and heart development
What is patent ductus arteriosus? How to treat if it doesn’t close?
Normal opening between aorta and pulmonary artery in an unborn fetus that normally closes when the baby is born
If it remains open given NSAIDS (IV indomethacin or ibuprofen) within 14 days or can do surgery
What causes respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants?
Deficiency of surfactant production in lugs that are not fully developed
Most babies born
35
What medications can be used in patients <12 months old for
Mild pain and fever
Acetaminophen any age
Ibuprofen if > 6 months
Do not recommend aspirin for patients
<16 years old
Reye’s syndrome can result in children recovering from a viral infection (especially the flu and chickenpox)
Do not given ibuprofen to children < ____ months old due to risk of ____
<6 months
Nephrotoxicity
What medications can be used in patients <12 months old for
intestinal gas
Simethicone drops
What medications can be used in patients <12 months old for
nasal congestion
Use a car seat indoors to keep child sitting upright
Cool mist humidifier
No OTC cough and cold medications recommended for infants
What medications can be used in patients <12 months old for
Constipation
PEG (MiraLax) for intermittent constipation (0.2-0.8 g/kg/d)
Prunes or pears as fruit or juice
Glycerin suppositories - quick relief
What medications can be used in patients <12 months old for
Diarrhea
Oral rehydration solutions (Pedialyte and Enfamil Enfalyte)
Do NOT use antidiarrheals with aspirin d/t Reye’s syndrome (bismuth subsalicylate)
APAP dosing in children - what concentration do all APAP formulations come in?
10-15 mg/kg/dose every 4-6 hours (max 75 mg/kg/d)
Concentration: 160mg/5mL
Ibuprofen dosing in children
5-10 mg/kg/dose every 6-8 hours (max 40 mg/kg/d)
What pathogens cause bacterial meningitis in children and what is empiric treatment?
Group B streptococcus (GBS), E. coli, Listeria, and Klebsiella
Neonate: Ampicillin PLUS (cefotaxime or gentamicin)
NEVER USE CEFTRIAXONE
Age >1 month: Vanc PLUS (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime)
Treatment for respiratory synctial virus (RSV)
Supportive care (virus) Inhaled ribavirin (Virazole) used rarely
