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NAPLEX Review > Common Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Common Skin Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is aloe vera used for and does it have proven efficacy?

A

Sunburn and psoriasis

Little proven efficacy but may be soothing

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2
Q

What is tea tree oil used for? Does it work?

A

Acne

May help with onchomycosis symptoms but not effective in eradicating infection

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3
Q

What is lysine used for?

A

cold sore prevention and treatment

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4
Q

What is biotin used for?

A

hair loss and brittle nails

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5
Q

What is topical vitamin D used for?

A

diaper rash and psoriasis

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6
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

brown

A

Entacapone
Levodopa
Methyldopa

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7
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Browh/Black/Green

A

Iron (stool)

Methocarbamol

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8
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Brown/Yellow

A

Macrobid
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Rioflavin (B2)

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9
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Purple/Orange/Red

A

Chlorzoxazone

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10
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Orange/Yellow

A

Sulfasalazine

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11
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Yellow-Green

A

Propofol

Flutamide

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12
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Red-Orange

A

Phenazopyridine
Rifampin
Rifapentine

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13
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Red

A

Anthracyclines

Deferasirox (urine)

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14
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Blue

A

Methylene blue

Mitoxantrone

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15
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Blue-grey

A

Amiodarone

Chloroquine

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16
Q

What are the 3 primary causes of acne?

A

Androgen hormones
Cutibacterium acnes bacteria
Sebum

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17
Q

What is first line and alternative treatment for mild acne?

A

First-line: Topical benzoyl peroxide and/or retinoid

Alternative: add topical retinoid or benzoyl peroxide or switch to another retinoid or topical dapsone

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18
Q

What is first line and alternative treatment for moderate acne?

A

First line: combination topical products OR PO abx + benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid
Alternative: PO antibioic + combined oral contraceptive pill or spironolactone (females) or PO isotretinoin

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19
Q

What is first line and alternative treatment for severe acne?

A

First line: combination topicals + PO antibiotic or isotrentinoin
Alternative: switch to PO antibiotic, add combined oral contraceptive pill or spironolactone (females) or PO isotrentinoin (if not previously tried)

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20
Q

What medications are topical retinoids?

A

Tretinoin

Adapalene

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21
Q

What medications are topical acne products?

A 
Benzoyl peroxide
Topical antibiotics and combinations
Salicyclic acid
Azelaic acid
Dapsone gel
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22
Q

What medications should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Topical retinoids

Tazarotene

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23
Q

Safety/counseling for topical retinoids

A

Limit sun exposure
Apply daily at bedtime ~20 minutes after washing face
If irritation, us lower strength or every other night
Takes 4-12 weeks to see a response
May worsen acne initially

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24
Q

Topical acne product safety/counseling

A

Benzoyl peroxide can bleach clothing and hair, limit sun exposure
Clindamycin topicals takes 2-6 weeks for effect and 12 weeks for full benefit
Dapsone gel: avoid in G6PD deficiency

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25
Q

What topical acne product should be avoided in G6PD deficiency?

A

Dapsone gel

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26
Q

Oral retinoid safety/counseling

A

Isotrentinoin
Only for severe refractory nodular acne
Female patients must sign informed consent about birth defects + must have 2 negative pregnancy tests prior to starting
Cannot get pregnant for 1 month before, during, or 1 month after stopping treatment
Do not use with vitamin A supplements, tetracyclines, steroids, progestin-only contraceptives or St. Johns Wort

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27
Q

Oral retinoid BBW and warnings

A

BBW: birth defects, can only be dispensed by a pharmacy with iPLEDGE program, 1 month at a time
Warnings: arthralgias, skeletal hyperostosis, osteoporosis, psychiatric issues, decreased night vision, dry eyes/irritation, dry skin, chapped lips, increased lipid levels

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28
Q

What antibiotics are used for acne? What are important counseling points?

A

Doxycycline and minocycline are most common

Counseling: photosensitivity, fetal harm, discoloration in teeth if used <8

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29
Q

What virus causes cold sores? How are cold sores spread?

A

HSV-1 (most common) and HSV-2

Active lesions - kissing/sharing drinks

30
Q

When should you take medication to prevent cold sores?

A

During the prodromal period

31
Q

What medications are used for cold sores?

A

OTC: Docosanol (Abreva)
Rx: acyclovir

32
Q

Abreva application counseling points for cold sores

A

Apply 5x daily at first sign of outbreak and continue until healed

33
Q

Acyclovir cream (Zovirax) counseling points for cold sores

A

Apply 5x daily for 4 days

34
Q

What medications are used for dandruff?

A

OTC: Ketoconazole 1% shampoo, selenium sulfide (selsun), pyrithione zinc (head and shoulders), coal tar shampoo (T/gel)
Rx: Ketoconazole 2% shampoo

35
Q

What medications can cause alopecia?

A

Chemotherapies, valproate, spironolactone, heparin, warfarin, clomiphene, hydroxychloroquine, interferons, lithium, levonorgestrel and procainamide

36
Q

What deficiencies can lead to hair loss?

A

Zinc and vitamin D

37
Q

What medications are used to treat hair loss?

A

Finasteride
Minoxidil
Bimatoprost

38
Q

Finasteride MOA, CI, warning, how long to use

A

MOA: 5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibitor also approved for BPH
CI: pregnancy
Warning: hazardous drug for females of childbearing age
3 months before effect is seen, use indefinitely or condition reappears

39
Q

Minoxidil topical who can use and for how long?

A

Men and women can use

Must be used indefinitely or condition reappears

40
Q

What is minoxidil oral used for?

A

hypertension (very rare)

41
Q

Bimatoprost indication, SE, and counseling, do not use with what medication

A

Indication: thinning eyelashes
SE: itchy eyes, darken eyelid skin
Apply nightly to skin at base of eyelashes only
Do not use with PG analogs used for glaucoma (IOP may increase)

42
Q

What medication classes are used for eczema

A

Topical steroids, antihistamines, immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitors
Severe/refractory: oral immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, methotrexate) or monoclonal antibody drugs

43
Q

What medications are topical calcineurin inhibitors?

A

Tacrolimus - ointment

Pimecrolimus - cream

44
Q

What medications are topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors?

A

Crisaborole

45
Q

What monoclonal antibody is used for eczema

A

Dupilumab (Dupixent)

46
Q

Topical calcineurin inhibitors - who should they not be used in, SE?

A

Do not use in children <2

SE: Associated with lymphoma and skin cancer - only use as second line for short periods of time

47
Q

Medications used for hyperhydrosis

A

OTC: antiperspirants
Rx: glycopyrronium (Qbrexza) - topical anticholinergic

48
Q

What is tinea pedis

A

athletes foot

49
Q

What is tinea cruris

A

jock itch

50
Q

What is tinea corporis

A

Ringworm

51
Q

What is tinea capitis

A

Ringworm on the scalp

52
Q

What are OTC and Rx antifungal treatments for the skin?

A 
OTC
Terbinafine
Butenafine
Clotrimazole
Miconazole
Tolnaftate
Undecylenic acid

Rx
Betamethasone/Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole

53
Q

What is ringworm caused by

A

Fungal infection - NOT worms

54
Q

When treating fungal skin infections what dosage form should be used?

A

Use cream or solutions

Powders are only used in prevention

55
Q

What is onchomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail

56
Q

What medications are used for toenail and fingernail infections

A

Itraconazole oral and terbinafine oral (most common)

Fluconazole and posaconazole used off-label

57
Q

Itraconazole and terbinafine warnings, BBW

A

Itraconazole BBW: avoid use in HF

Both warnings: hepatotoxicity ,QT prolongation, N/D

58
Q

Who can be treated with OTC medications for vaginal fungal infections and who should be referred to a doctor?

A

Mild-moderate, infrequent infection treat with 1, 3, or 7 day treatment with cream, ointment, or vaginal suppository/tab
Complicated infections, pregnancy, 7-10 day treatment or refer to HC provider

59
Q

OTC topical and Rx topical and Rx oral medications for vaginal fungal infection

A

OCT topical: Clotrimazole and miconazole
Rx topical: Butoconazole and terconazole
Rx oral: fluconazole 150mg x1

60
Q

What skin protectant can be used to prevent diaper rash?

A

Petrolatum ointment with A and D ointment

Petrolatum with zinc oxide

61
Q

What are the treatment options for diaper rash?

A

Clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin if yeast is thought to be involved
Hydrocortisone 0.5-1% BID - short term

62
Q

OTC medication for hemorrhoids

A

Phenylephrine topical (preparation H)
Hydrocortisone
Witch hazel pads

63
Q

Pinworm OTC and Rx medications

A

OTC: pyrantel pamoate
Rx: albendazole and mebendazole

64
Q

Drugs used to treat scabies

A

OTC: Permethrin (preferred)
Rx: Ivermectan oral (hard to tolerate)

65
Q

Drugs used to treat lice

A

OTC: Permethrin (DOC), pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide (DOC)
Rx: Spinosad, malathion, benzyl alcohol lotion, ivermectin lotion

66
Q

What OTC and Rx medications are used for minor burns?

A

OTC: polymyxin/bacitracin/neomycin (triple abx)
Rx: Mupirocin (staph and strep coverage) bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone (Cortisporin)

67
Q

OTC medications for poison ivy, oak, and sumac

A

Aluminum acetate, colloidal oatmeal, calamine lotion, zanfel

68
Q

Steroid vehicle influences the strength of medication. List the potency from highest to weakest based on vehicle

A

Ointment>cream>lotion>solution>gels>sprays

69
Q

What steroids are OTC vs Rx?

A

OTC: hydrocortisone 0.5-1% (low potency)
Rx: higher potency, hydroxyzine 25mg

70
Q

What topical steroids are very high, high, high-medium, medium, and lowest potency?

A

Very high: clobetazole propionate 0.05%, fluocinonide 0.1% cream
High: betamethasone 0.05% cream, fluocinonide 0.05% oint, mometasone 0.1% oint
High-medium: fluocinonide 0.05% cream
Medium: mometasone 0.1% cream and triamcinolone 0.1% cream
Lowest: hydrocortisone cream

NAPLEX Review (79 decks)

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