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NAPLEX Review > Common Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Common Skin Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is aloe vera used for and does it have proven efficacy?

A

Sunburn and psoriasis

Little proven efficacy but may be soothing

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2
Q

What is tea tree oil used for? Does it work?

A

Acne

May help with onchomycosis symptoms but not effective in eradicating infection

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3
Q

What is lysine used for?

A

cold sore prevention and treatment

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4
Q

What is biotin used for?

A

hair loss and brittle nails

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5
Q

What is topical vitamin D used for?

A

diaper rash and psoriasis

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6
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

brown

A

Entacapone
Levodopa
Methyldopa

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7
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Browh/Black/Green

A

Iron (stool)

Methocarbamol

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8
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Brown/Yellow

A

Macrobid
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Rioflavin (B2)

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9
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Purple/Orange/Red

A

Chlorzoxazone

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10
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Orange/Yellow

A

Sulfasalazine

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11
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Yellow-Green

A

Propofol

Flutamide

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12
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Red-Orange

A

Phenazopyridine
Rifampin
Rifapentine

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13
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Red

A

Anthracyclines

Deferasirox (urine)

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14
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Blue

A

Methylene blue

Mitoxantrone

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15
Q

What drugs can cause skin and secretions to turn

Blue-grey

A

Amiodarone

Chloroquine

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16
Q

What are the 3 primary causes of acne?

A

Androgen hormones
Cutibacterium acnes bacteria
Sebum

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17
Q

What is first line and alternative treatment for mild acne?

A

First-line: Topical benzoyl peroxide and/or retinoid

Alternative: add topical retinoid or benzoyl peroxide or switch to another retinoid or topical dapsone

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18
Q

What is first line and alternative treatment for moderate acne?

A

First line: combination topical products OR PO abx + benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid
Alternative: PO antibioic + combined oral contraceptive pill or spironolactone (females) or PO isotretinoin

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19
Q

What is first line and alternative treatment for severe acne?

A

First line: combination topicals + PO antibiotic or isotrentinoin
Alternative: switch to PO antibiotic, add combined oral contraceptive pill or spironolactone (females) or PO isotrentinoin (if not previously tried)

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20
Q

What medications are topical retinoids?

A

Tretinoin

Adapalene

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21
Q

What medications are topical acne products?

A 
Benzoyl peroxide
Topical antibiotics and combinations
Salicyclic acid
Azelaic acid
Dapsone gel
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22
Q

What medications should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Topical retinoids

Tazarotene

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23
Q

Safety/counseling for topical retinoids

A

Limit sun exposure
Apply daily at bedtime ~20 minutes after washing face
If irritation, us lower strength or every other night
Takes 4-12 weeks to see a response
May worsen acne initially

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24
Q

Topical acne product safety/counseling

A

Benzoyl peroxide can bleach clothing and hair, limit sun exposure
Clindamycin topicals takes 2-6 weeks for effect and 12 weeks for full benefit
Dapsone gel: avoid in G6PD deficiency

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25
What topical acne product should be avoided in G6PD deficiency?
Dapsone gel
26
Oral retinoid safety/counseling
Isotrentinoin Only for severe refractory nodular acne Female patients must sign informed consent about birth defects + must have 2 negative pregnancy tests prior to starting Cannot get pregnant for 1 month before, during, or 1 month after stopping treatment Do not use with vitamin A supplements, tetracyclines, steroids, progestin-only contraceptives or St. Johns Wort
27
Oral retinoid BBW and warnings
BBW: birth defects, can only be dispensed by a pharmacy with iPLEDGE program, 1 month at a time Warnings: arthralgias, skeletal hyperostosis, osteoporosis, psychiatric issues, decreased night vision, dry eyes/irritation, dry skin, chapped lips, increased lipid levels
28
What antibiotics are used for acne? What are important counseling points?
Doxycycline and minocycline are most common | Counseling: photosensitivity, fetal harm, discoloration in teeth if used <8
29
What virus causes cold sores? How are cold sores spread?
HSV-1 (most common) and HSV-2 | Active lesions - kissing/sharing drinks
30
When should you take medication to prevent cold sores?
During the prodromal period
31
What medications are used for cold sores?
OTC: Docosanol (Abreva) Rx: acyclovir
32
Abreva application counseling points for cold sores
Apply 5x daily at first sign of outbreak and continue until healed
33
Acyclovir cream (Zovirax) counseling points for cold sores
Apply 5x daily for 4 days
34
What medications are used for dandruff?
OTC: Ketoconazole 1% shampoo, selenium sulfide (selsun), pyrithione zinc (head and shoulders), coal tar shampoo (T/gel) Rx: Ketoconazole 2% shampoo
35
What medications can cause alopecia?
Chemotherapies, valproate, spironolactone, heparin, warfarin, clomiphene, hydroxychloroquine, interferons, lithium, levonorgestrel and procainamide
36
What deficiencies can lead to hair loss?
Zinc and vitamin D
37
What medications are used to treat hair loss?
Finasteride Minoxidil Bimatoprost
38
Finasteride MOA, CI, warning, how long to use
MOA: 5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibitor also approved for BPH CI: pregnancy Warning: hazardous drug for females of childbearing age 3 months before effect is seen, use indefinitely or condition reappears
39
Minoxidil topical who can use and for how long?
Men and women can use | Must be used indefinitely or condition reappears
40
What is minoxidil oral used for?
hypertension (very rare)
41
Bimatoprost indication, SE, and counseling, do not use with what medication
Indication: thinning eyelashes SE: itchy eyes, darken eyelid skin Apply nightly to skin at base of eyelashes only Do not use with PG analogs used for glaucoma (IOP may increase)
42
What medication classes are used for eczema
Topical steroids, antihistamines, immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitors Severe/refractory: oral immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, methotrexate) or monoclonal antibody drugs
43
What medications are topical calcineurin inhibitors?
Tacrolimus - ointment | Pimecrolimus - cream
44
What medications are topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors?
Crisaborole
45
What monoclonal antibody is used for eczema
Dupilumab (Dupixent)
46
Topical calcineurin inhibitors - who should they not be used in, SE?
Do not use in children <2 | SE: Associated with lymphoma and skin cancer - only use as second line for short periods of time
47
Medications used for hyperhydrosis
OTC: antiperspirants Rx: glycopyrronium (Qbrexza) - topical anticholinergic
48
What is tinea pedis
athletes foot
49
What is tinea cruris
jock itch
50
What is tinea corporis
Ringworm
51
What is tinea capitis
Ringworm on the scalp
52
What are OTC and Rx antifungal treatments for the skin?
``` OTC Terbinafine Butenafine Clotrimazole Miconazole Tolnaftate Undecylenic acid ``` Rx Betamethasone/Clotrimazole Ketoconazole
53
What is ringworm caused by
Fungal infection - NOT worms
54
When treating fungal skin infections what dosage form should be used?
Use cream or solutions | Powders are only used in prevention
55
What is onchomycosis
fungal infection of the nail
56
What medications are used for toenail and fingernail infections
Itraconazole oral and terbinafine oral (most common) | Fluconazole and posaconazole used off-label
57
Itraconazole and terbinafine warnings, BBW
Itraconazole BBW: avoid use in HF | Both warnings: hepatotoxicity ,QT prolongation, N/D
58
Who can be treated with OTC medications for vaginal fungal infections and who should be referred to a doctor?
Mild-moderate, infrequent infection treat with 1, 3, or 7 day treatment with cream, ointment, or vaginal suppository/tab Complicated infections, pregnancy, 7-10 day treatment or refer to HC provider
59
OTC topical and Rx topical and Rx oral medications for vaginal fungal infection
OCT topical: Clotrimazole and miconazole Rx topical: Butoconazole and terconazole Rx oral: fluconazole 150mg x1
60
What skin protectant can be used to prevent diaper rash?
Petrolatum ointment with A and D ointment | Petrolatum with zinc oxide
61
What are the treatment options for diaper rash?
Clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin if yeast is thought to be involved Hydrocortisone 0.5-1% BID - short term
62
OTC medication for hemorrhoids
Phenylephrine topical (preparation H) Hydrocortisone Witch hazel pads
63
Pinworm OTC and Rx medications
OTC: pyrantel pamoate Rx: albendazole and mebendazole
64
Drugs used to treat scabies
OTC: Permethrin (preferred) Rx: Ivermectan oral (hard to tolerate)
65
Drugs used to treat lice
OTC: Permethrin (DOC), pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide (DOC) Rx: Spinosad, malathion, benzyl alcohol lotion, ivermectin lotion
66
What OTC and Rx medications are used for minor burns?
OTC: polymyxin/bacitracin/neomycin (triple abx) Rx: Mupirocin (staph and strep coverage) bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone (Cortisporin)
67
OTC medications for poison ivy, oak, and sumac
Aluminum acetate, colloidal oatmeal, calamine lotion, zanfel
68
Steroid vehicle influences the strength of medication. List the potency from highest to weakest based on vehicle
Ointment>cream>lotion>solution>gels>sprays
69
What steroids are OTC vs Rx?
OTC: hydrocortisone 0.5-1% (low potency) Rx: higher potency, hydroxyzine 25mg
70
What topical steroids are very high, high, high-medium, medium, and lowest potency?
Very high: clobetazole propionate 0.05%, fluocinonide 0.1% cream High: betamethasone 0.05% cream, fluocinonide 0.05% oint, mometasone 0.1% oint High-medium: fluocinonide 0.05% cream Medium: mometasone 0.1% cream and triamcinolone 0.1% cream Lowest: hydrocortisone cream

NAPLEX Review (79 decks)

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