Common Conditions of the Eyes and Ears

Question 1

Why can’t you use ear drops in the eyes?

Answer 1

They may not have the right pH, may not be isotonic, and may not be sterile

Question 2

What does this abbreviation mean

AD

Answer 2

Right ear

Question 3

What does this abbreviation mean

AS

Answer 3

Left ear

Question 4

What does this abbreviation mean

AU

Answer 4

Each ear

Question 5

What does this abbreviation mean

OD

Answer 5

Right eye

Question 6

What does this abbreviation mean

OS

Answer 6

Left eye

Question 7

What does this abbreviation mean

OU

Answer 7

Each eye

Question 8

How many mL are in 1 drop?

Answer 8

0.05 mL

Question 9

How many drops are in 1 mL?

Answer 9

20 drops

Question 10

Normal range for intraocular pressure

Answer 10

12-22 mmHg

Question 11

What can increase introcular pressure?

Answer 11

Anticholinergics
Cough, cold, and motion sickness medications
Chronic steroids, especially eye drops such as prednisolone
Topiramate

Question 12

What are the 2 types of glaucoma?

Answer 12

Open angle and closed-angle

Question 13

What methods are used to treat open angle glaucoma?

Answer 13

Eye drops or surgery

Question 14

What methods are used to treat closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 14

Emergency surgery

Question 15

What is the most common cause of closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 15

Sudden increase in IOP due to a blockage

Question 16

What are the 3 mechanisms of medication treatment for open angle glaucoma?

Answer 16

Reduce aqueous humor production
Increase aqueous humor outflow
Both of the above

Question 17

How much does each class of medication decrease IOP in glaucoma?

Answer 17

Prostaglandins: 30%

Beta blockers: 22%

Question 18

What medications that are used for glaucoma are prostaglandin analogs

Answer 18

Bimatoprost (Lumigan)
Latanoprost
Tavoprost

Question 19

What is the difference between Bimatoprost (Lumigan) and Bimatoprost (Latisse)?

Answer 19

Lumigan is used for glaucoma

Latisse is used for inadequate growth of eyelashes

Question 20

Prostaglandin analog warnings and SE

Answer 20

Warnings: darkening of the iris, eyelid skin and eyelashes; eyelash length and number can increase
SE: Blurred vision, stinging, increased pigmentation of the iris/eyelashes, eyelash growth

Question 21

How to tell if a medication is a prostaglandin analog?

Answer 21

Has -prost in the name

Question 22

Latanoprost storage

Answer 22

Fridge until opening then room temp

Question 23

Which eye drops increases aqueous humor outflow to treat glaucoma?

Answer 23

Prostaglandin analogs
Cholinergics
Adrenergic alpha-2 agonist
Rho Kinase Inhibitors

Question 24

Which eye drops decrease aqueous humor production to treat glaucoma?

Answer 24

Beta-blockers
Carbonic anhydrase
adrenergic alpha-2 agonists

Question 25

What medications are beta blockers and used for glaucoma?

Answer 25

``` Timolol Betaxolol Carteolol Levobunolol Metipranolol ```

Question 26

What medications are cholinergics (mitotics) and used to treat glaucoma?

Answer 26

Carbachol | Pilocarpine

Question 27

What medications are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and used to treat glaucoma?

Answer 27

Dorzolamide Brinzolamide Acetazolamide and Methazolamide (oral)

Question 28

What medications are adrenergic alpha-2 agonists and used to treat glaucoma

Answer 28

Brimonidine Apraclonidine Brimonidine

Question 29

What medications are rho kinase inhibitors and used to treat glaucoma?

Answer 29

Netarsudil

Question 30

Beta-blocker eye drop CI and SE

Answer 30

CI: sinus bradycardia, heart block, cardiogenic shock, uncompensated cardiac failure, bronchospastic disease SE: burning, stinging, bradycardia/fatigue, bronchospasms, light sensitivity

Question 31

Cholinergics (mitotics) eye drop SE

Answer 31

Poor vision at night (pupil constriction), corneal clouding, burning, hypotension, bronchospasm, abdominal cramps

Question 32

What is BAK?

Answer 32

Benzalkonium chloride | A preservative in some eye drops that can cause a reaction

Question 33

Carbonic anhydrase warnings and SE

Answer 33

Warnings: sulfonamide allergy SE: burning, blurred vision, blepharitis, dry eye

Question 34

Adrenergic alpha-2 agonists warnings and SE

Answer 34

Warnings: CNS depression SE: sedation, dry mouth, dry nose

Question 35

Rho kinase inhibitor SE

Answer 35

Burning/eye pain, corneal disease, conjuctival hemorrhage and conjuctival hyperemia

Question 36

Causes and treatment for | viral conjunctivitis

Answer 36

Causes: adenovirus Treatment: none

Question 37

Causes and treatment for | Bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 37

Causes: staph aureus, strep pneumo, H. influ, M cattarrhalis Treatment: Moxifloxacin, neomycin/polymyxin/dexamethasone, ofloxacin, trimethoprim/polymyxin

Question 38

Causes and treatment for | Allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 38

Causes: allergens Treatment: Mast cell stabilizers (alcaftadine, cromolyn, lodoxamine, nedocromil) Antihistamines (azelastine, olopatadine)

Question 39

How to treat eye inflammation

Answer 39

Severe: steroid eye drop (prednisolone, dexamethasone) Mild: NSAID drops (ketorolac, nepafenac, bromfenac)

Question 40

How to treat eye dryness

Answer 40

Refresh or Systane (OTC)

Question 41

How to treat chronic dry eye syndrome

Answer 41

Cyclosporine emulsion eye drops (restasis) | Lifitegrast (Xiidra)

Question 42

How to treat eye redness

Answer 42

Naphazoline (Clear eyes redness relief) Naphazoline/pheniramine (Naphcon A, Visine A) Tetrahydrozoline (Visine)

Question 43

What medications can cause retinal changes and retinopathy?

Answer 43

Chloroquine | Hydroxychloroquine

Question 44

What medications can cause optic neuropathy?

Answer 44

Amiodarone (plus corneal deposits) Ethambutol Linezolid

Question 45

What medications can cause floppy iris syndrome resulting in difficulty in cataract surgery

Answer 45

Alpha-blockers (digoxin)

Question 46

What medications can cause color discrimination?

Answer 46

Digoxin - with toxicity PDE-5 inhibitors - greenish tinge around objects Voriconazole - color vision changes

Question 47

What medications can cause vision loss/abnormal vision?

Answer 47

Digoxin (with toxicity) - blurriness, halos PDE-5 inhibitors - vision loss in one or both eyes (can be permanent) Isotretinoin - decreased night vision, dry eyes irritation Vigabatrin - permanent vision loss (high risk) Voriconazole - abnormal vision, photophobia

Question 48

What antibiotic ear drops are used for ear infections?

Answer 48

Ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone (ciprodex) Ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (Cipro HC) Neomycin, colistin, hydrocortisone, and thonzonium

Question 49

What medications are used for ear wax removal?

Answer 49

Carbamide peroxide and triethanolamine | Can be used every 4-8 weeks as preventative measure

Question 50

How long should a patient wait between two eye drops of the same medication?

Answer 50

5 minutes

Question 51

Which should you apply first, eye drops or eye gel?

Answer 51

Eye drops

Question 52

How long before/after eye drops do you have to wait to remove/reinsert contact lenses?

Answer 52

right before | wait 15 minutes after