Pediatric and Orthodontic Procedures Flashcards
pediatric dentistry speciallizaation
pediatric dentistry area of dentistry limited to the care of children from birth through adolescence. It focus on providing oral health care.
pediatric dental office displays cheerfulness in pleasant environment with nonthreatening doctor.
pediatric Patient
In addition, the dental assistant might encounter physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral difference between boys and girls between children of different cultures and socioeconomic backgrounds.
-Brith to 2 years: children learn to sit,stand, walk and run.
Vocally, they progress from babbling to using simple sentences.
children identify familiar faces; then progress through periods of being friendly and then fearful of strangers.
At this age, children are too young to expected to cooperate in dental treatment.
-Ages 3 to 6:
* the child needs to be develop autonomy and initiative.
- the child requires control and structure in his or her environment
- this child is able to follow simple instructions.
- the child welcomes an active role in treatment experience.
- 7 to 12 years
- this period of socialization
- The child is learning to get along with people.
- the child is learning the rules and regulation of society
- the child is learning to overcome fear of objects and situations.
-age 13 to 20:
*There is a continuation of issues related to puberty
* the child is concerned with appearance
* good oral hygiene become very important
* the child begins to question why and how things are done
* freedom of expression is important.
Patients with special needs
pediatric practice often treat both children and adults with special needs.
- Mild: IQs ranges between 50 and 55. to 70
- moderate: ranges between 35 and 40 to 50 or 55
- severe: ranges between 20 and 25 to 35 or 40.
- profound: IQs below 20 to 25
Trisomy 21 (down syndroms) is a chromosomal aberration esulting in certain abnormal physical characteristics and mental impairment.
Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy is non-progressive neural disorder that is caused by brain damage that occurred prenatally during birth, or postnatally before the central nervous system reaches maturity . It is characterized by:
-paralysis
-muscle weakness
-lack of coordination
-other disorders of motor function
-poor Oral hygiene
Diagnosis and treatment planning
The medical and dental history includes the items listed here:
-past hospitalization and surgeries
-date of child’s last visit to physicion
-medication and daily medication
-unfavorable reactions to any medicine;allergies
-weight at birth and any problems at birth
-level of learning
-main cancer about the child’s dental health.
- finger or thumb and pacifier habits
-fluoride and toothbrush habits
- inherited family dental characteristics.
components of clincial examination
-Radiographic examination
-extraoral examination
-intraoral soft tissue examination
behavior managment
A specific techniques work well when managing a child’s behavior:
- be honest with the child
-consider the child’s point of view - use “Tell’ show do”
- give positive reinforcement
some pediatric patient do not respond well to normal behavior management techniques and require additional specialized measures.
-Premeditation: this is to calm the patient and put her/him at ease before treatment .
-Nitrous oxide oxygen: method of mild sedation that can help calm patient for treatment.
-physical restraint: are used to prevent injury to the child and dental team.
Preventive Dentistry
During examination, dental staff must identify malocclusion or crooked teeth and bite problems, and intervene to encourage corrective measures.
A pediatric dentist will apply sealant to pit and fissures to help keep them cavity free.Procedures such as coronal polish may also be included in pediatric care.
During each office visit, staff will demonstrate proper flossing and brushing techniques and provide constructive feedback.Depending on type of water consumed by the patient, fluoride supplements or fluoride tooth paste will be recommended.
patients also receive ongoing instruction bout preventive measures.
-Oral hygiene: brushing and flossing technique.
-Fluoride: age 6 months and 16 should take un fluoride daily.
- Children need specific nutrients in order to grow and develop.
-sports safety: protective equipment should be worn during any recreational sport that might injure the mouth area.
pediatric procedures
1.Interceptive orthodontics: used to maintain space and correct oral habits to reduce the need for orthontics.
- Resorative: placement of amalgam and composite restorations.
- Endodontic : perform pulp capping and pulptomy to maintain a tooth
- prosthodontics : placement of stainless steel crowns.
Dental trauma and types of injuries
children can experience dental injuries as result of:
-Anutomobile accidents
-bicycle accidents
-sport injuries
-child abuse
Tooth injuries fall into four classsifications:
-Fractured anterior teeth:
-Traumatic intrusion: the tooth is forcibly driven into alveolus so that only portion of the crown is visible. For primarry tooth, the dentist treats the symptoms and a tooth can be allowed to re-erupt
-Extrusion and lateral luxation: teeth are displaced from their position, caused damage to the periodontal ligament. Displaced teeth are respoitioned and a temporary splint is placed.
-Avulsed teethL is torn away or dislodged completely by force. REcove the tooth immediately,wrap it in a mositened gauze, and go immediately to dentist office.
Child abuse
-injuries that are in various stages of healing
-teeth that are chipped or injured
-scars inside the lips or on tongue and tear of labial frena
-signs of battering or other injuries around the head and neck
- facial bruises ,swelling of facial structures or black eyes
-bite marks
-injuries that are not consistent with explanation presented by the parent.
Reporting child abuse
name, address, sex , age, height and weight of the child.
name of the address of the adult
description of the current physical and emotional abuse or neglect of the child
evidence of previous injuies
any information that can assist
sketches or photographs documenting the nature and location of the injuries.
othodontics overview
orthodontics is the specialty of dentistry concerned with supervision, guidance and correction of the growing and mature dentofacial structures. There are three types of orthodontics:
-preentive
-interceptive
-corrective orthodontics
orthodontist focuses on the orofacial growth.
A typical othodontic office follow an open bay office structure with few pices of equipment and three main functions.:
-to obtin records
- to take radiographs
- to provide patient care
Malcocclusion
Malcocclusion is an abnormal or malpositioned relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth when they are in occlusion.
Factors related to the development of Malcocclusion.
- developmental causes: missing teeth,interference with eruption,ectopic eruption.
-Genetic causes: discrepancies in the size of jaw ,teeth or both
-environmental causes: birth injuries moldig,trauma
-habits: tongue thrusting, tongue thrust swallowing, thumb and finger suckin, mouth breathing.
classes of Malcocclusion
class I Malcocclusion: known as neutroclusion. the facial profile is known as mesogenthic.
class II Malcocclusion: referred as disoclusion. The body of the mandible is in an abnormal distal relationship to maxilla.
Class III Malcocclusion: referred as mesiocclusion. The body of the mandible is in an abnormal mesial relationship to maxilla.
