oral mainifestations Flashcards
Infection and body
when the body responds to damage it responds by releasing histamine. Histamine increases the flow of blood to damaged area.
Short term inflammation knows as acute inflammation
Long term inflammation known as chronic inflammation. become systemic and patient can present with fever , increased numbers of white blood cells
oral manifestations of biological dieases
- Lesion: term for abnormal tissues in the oral cavity, including wounds other tissue damage caused by injury or disease.
Types of lesion of oral mucosa (stratified squamous epithelium overlying connective tissue.
- extended below or above the surface
- are raised or even with the surface.
biopsy (final) remove a send to laboratory for definitive diagnosis
common oral biopsy precedures
- punch biopsy: a small disk shaped portion of the lesion is removed.
- incisional biopsy: sample of tissues or cells is removed.
- Excisional biopsy: an entire lesion with portion of healthy border is removed.
- Brush biopsy: cellular materials is removed with small brush and plated on a glass slide.
Sources of information
-historical information (family history of disease)
- clinical appearance
- radiographic
- laboratory
-microscopic
- surgical
- therapeutic
-differential findings
Disorders/common disorders affecting oral health
- Methamphetamine effects: is a potent central nervous system stimulant that can cause brain damage ad oral health effects. (meth mouth)
- Abrasion: abnormal wearing away of tooth structure caused by a repetitive habit such as improper toothbrushing.
- Attrition: normal wearing away of tooth structure during mastication (chewing).
- Bruxism: oral habit consisting involuntary gnashing , grinding of teeth movement other than chewing. usually occurs during sleep associated with stress. no require treatment but it recommended for sleep position changes and relaxation.
- Bulimia: eating disorder by food brings followed by self-induced vomiting
- orofacial piercings: have become poplar amog some segments of population.chipped and broken teeth and serious infection at the sites of piercings. infecation can spread throught the head and neck area with serious results.
Hairy Leukoplakia
can spread to cover entire dorsal surface of tongue
Lichen planus
a benign chronic disease that affect skin and oral mucosa. the patchy white lesions n oral mucosa. it circles and ibterconnecting lines called wickham striae
oral cancer
10 most common cancers in world. most oral cancers do not cause pain in early stages.
singns of oral cancers:
- sore that bleeds easily not heal
- color change of oral tissue
- thickening, rough spot
- pain or numbness anywhere in mouth or on lip
- difficulty chewing, swallowing, speaking moving the jaw or tongue
- A change in way the teeth fit together
types of oral cancer
- carcinoma: is a malignant neoplasm growth of epithelium
- Adenocarcinoma: is malignant tumor that arises form the submucous glands underlying the oral mucosa
- sarcoma: is malignant neoplasm arising from supportive and connective tissue.
-osteosarcoma: a malignant tumar inloving the bone. In the mouth affected bones of jaws cancer might start in bone and spreads surrounding soft tissues.
HIV and AID
- acquired immunodelficiency syndrome AID: disease that reduces effectiveness of human immune system
- human immunodeficiency virus HIV: virus cause AIDS
HIV- assoociated Gingivit and periodontits
known as atypical gingivitus (ATYP) often seen as bright red line along the border of free gingival margin.
several common symptoms
- interproximal necrosis and cratering
- marked swelling
- intense erythema over the free and attached gingiva
- intense pain
- spontaneous bleeding and bad breath
HIV cervical lymphadenopathy and lymphoma
cervical lymphadenopathy seen in association with AAIDS. Enlargement of cervical neck nodes.
Kaposi’s sarcomal infection that occur in patients with HIV infection. they appear as mulyiple blluish, blackish or reddish. kaposi’s sarcoma lesion can become painful. there is no effective treatment for it.
oral lesions
-Ulcers: below the surface. defect or break in mucosa
- Erosion of soft tissueL below, shallow defect in mucosa caused by mechanical trauma
- Abscess: below, collection of pus in a circumscribed area.
- cyst: below, closed sac that lined with epithelium and contains fluid
above
- Blister: known as vesicles filled with watery fluid
- pustule: pustules also contain pus.
- hematoma: similar in blister; also contains blood
- plaque: any patch or flat area is raised from the surface.
Herpes simplex
cause lesions to occur in lip. know as cold sores or fever blisters. An ulcer caused by herpes virus that longer than 1 moth can be indicator of AIDS
Apthous Ulcers
known as aphthous stomatitis. or canker sores.
Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) is disease that caused outbreaks inside mouth and lips.
- Minor RAU: occure fewer than 6 time per year heal 7-10days
- Major RAU: deeper ulcers that take loger to heal.
Dental implication radiation theraphy
side effects
- xerostomia: lack of adequates saliva and reduced blood supply.
- Radiation caries: cased by lack of saliva appear first in cervial area of teeth and tetth might become sensitive to hot and cold
- osteroradionecrosis: bobe can necrisis (death) after radiation treatment
Effects of chewing tobacco or snuff
cancers of pharynx, larynx and espophagus occue 400-500 times and incidence of tooth loss and disease
Hairy tongue
can be caused by unbalance of oral flora after the administration of antibiotics.
other tongue disorders
- geographic tongue: exhibits multiple area. loss fillform papillae irregularly shaped.
-fissured tongue: caused of this is unknown. theroies included vitamin deficiency and chronic trauma. no treatment, recommended to brush tongue.
- median rhomboid glossitis posterior midline atrophic candidasis present in back of tongue
Therapeutic diagnosis
Therapeutic diagnosis is made by providing treatment and then seeing how condition responds.
Example: Angular cheilitis caused by lack bB complex vitamin.
Developmental and inerited disorders
Developmental disorders can result when there is a disturbance of cells during the period when the cells divide.
inherited disorders are different form developmental disorders becuase they cause by an abnormal gene.
A congenital disorder is one that is present at birth.
Genetic and environmental factors can lead to development disorders:
-genetic factors include malformation such as chromosomal abnormalities.
- environments factors: drugs exposure to radiation
developmental disurbances of jaw, lips , and palate and tongue
- Exostosis: exostosis is a benign bony growth projecting outward from surface of bone. known as torus.
- Cleft lip: results when the maxillary and medial nasal processes fail to fuse.
-cleft palate: results when the palatal shelves fail to fuse with primary palate. produce a variety of dental problems including missing teeth, misplace teeth
cleft uvula: mildest form of a cleft palate
Ankyoglossia: called tongue tie.
disturbance in tooth development
- Ameloblastoma: tumor composed of remnants of dental iamina
- Anodontia: congenital absence of teeth
- supernumerary teeth: are teeth in excess of 32normal permanent teeth
- macrodontia: having abnormally large teeth.
- microdontia: having small teeth
- dens in dene: tooth within a tooth
- dentinogenesis: imperfecta hereditary conditon that affects the formation of dentin
Disturbance in enamel formation
- Amelogenesis imperfecta: is hereditary abnormality.
- Hypocalacification: incomplete calacification of enamel.
- hereditary enamel hypoplasis: a type of amelogenesis imperfecta that is characterized by teeth woth crowns that are hard and glossey, yellow and cone shaped
