Ergonomics

Question 1

Ergonomics in the dental office

Answer 1

Headaches, neck and shoulder pain, join pain, back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS):repetitive stress injury that can cause immense pain and tingling in thumb and the first two fingers. due to swelling and pressure on the median nerve.

Factors contribute to the risk of job-related
- posture
- force
- repetition

Question 2

posture

Answer 2

position of the body when standing or seated.
Maintain posture that keeps the spine in a gentle position.

to achieve this type of balance and posture, it’s important to learn how to it in neutral position.

• Distribute your weight on each side squally
• separated your legs
• put your feet flat on the footrest of the chair
  -keep hips tilted forward to help rotate your pelvics backward

Question 3

Reaching, Twisting, and stretching

Answer 3

• The air-water syringe, handpieces and high volume oral evacuator should be within a normal horizontal reach: maximum confortable horizontal space within which a person may work.
• The operatory light should be within a close maximum vertical reach: vertical sweep that can be attained while the elbow is kept a mid-torso level.
• other less-used supplies should be within the maximum horizontal reach: maximum reach when the arm and forearm are fully extended.

Question 4

carap tunnel syndrome

Answer 4

wrist joint the most injured area.

Cumulative trauma disorders: affects anatomic structures (muscle, nerve) incorrect motion. to prevent take regular breaks.

Carpal tunnel: muscle and nerve passageway through the wrist causing pressure on the median nerve: that central nerve of three nerves that supple the hand and forearm.

symptoms including reduced ability to squeeze an object. not trated can causr a thenar muscle at the base of the thumb.

wearing ambidextrous gloves can help because they put extra tension on the hyothenar eminence and make it so that hand has to work aginst verticle alignment of the gloves form.

Question 5

Hands and eyes exercise

Answer 5

if you take the time to stretch these muscles on a regular basis throughout the work day you will have less discomfort and reduce your chance of injury.
- slowly open and close your hands ,moving from stretched out fimgers to a closed fist. Repeat several times. do it gentltly

• press the palms of hands togthers. Don’t push too hard, becuase you might put too much pressure on your wrists. Relax your hands. Repeat
• gently pull each finger on each hand. Wiggle it back and forth
• ## cross your wrists

Question 6

neck, shoulder, and back exercises

Answer 6

1. to do head rotations, tilt your head slowly from the right to the front and back. do it slowly

2.drugging your shoulder way to help relax muscles

3. full back release in an exercise that can help with a tense back, neck or shoulder. rolling head forward slowly. let arms fall between knees.

Question 7

Instrument transfer

Answer 7

Armamentarium: materials used by a dentist. for example instruments

The benefits of proper instruments tranfer and exchange including the actions lists here;

• standardized operating sequence
• reduced amount of time in the dental chair for the patient
  -increased productivity
  -less stress

Question 8

Team dentistry including

Answer 8

• components of work simplification
• decrease number of instruments
• squencing of instruments on the tray by their use
• correct position of patients , dentists and assistant
• use moisture control techniques
• transer insturment and dental materials as necessary
  -use the lease possible amount of motion

Question 9

Team positioning

Answer 9

patients positioning : patient should be lowered to the supine position. head should be top.

operator dentist positioning: seated as far back as possible, parallel to floor or knees. feet should be flat on floor, backseat of the chair support the lower portion. forearms should be bent at the elbow.

dental assistant positioning: close as possible to the dental chair. seated back on the stool.legs should be parallel to the patients chair. eye leve should be 4-6 inches above the operator

Question 10

principles of instruments tranfer

Answer 10

when transferring instruments and materials , be sure to complete the actions lists :
-mirror and explorer
- cotton pilers
- handpiece
- instruments with hinges

1. Transfer the instruments and materials with you left hand
2. use minimal motion, involving only fingers, wrist and elbow.
3. transfer instruments in their position of use
4. hold instruments so the dentist can grasp the instrument for its appropriate
5. position the instrument firmly in the dentist hand.

Question 11

Motion economy attempting to minimize amount of reaching and other movemnt during procesdure

Answer 11

class1: moments of fingers only

class2: moments of fingers and wrists

class3: moments of fingers, wrist and elbows

class4: moments of arm and shoulder

class5: entire upper torso

Question 12

operating zones

Answer 12

positioning to ensure the efficient, comfortable practice of team dentistry

• Operator’s zone: which clinician is positioned.
• transfer zone: instruments and dental materials are exchanged between the clinician and dental assistant.
• assistant’s zone: area which the assistant positioned
• static zone: directly behind the patient. area delivery or unit that hold the hand-pieces air water syringe and additional counter space.

Question 13

expanded function prcedurece

Answer 13

specific intraorl procedures or part of the procedure that are delegated to clinical dental assistant by the dentist

advantages are
- increased productivity
- less stress on dentist
- more patients seen
-increased job satisfactions.

Question 14

Working as the operator should

Answer 14

-understand dental anatomy
-follow guidline for operator positioning
-develop intraoral mirror skills
-use an intraoral fulcrum
-understand cavity preparations
-adapt instrumentation
-apply dental materials.