dental instrument Flashcards
Design of hand instruments
commonly used for general restorative procedures. dental hand instruments consists of three parts:
- handle: the instrument section held by the operator’s hand
- Shank: part of the instruments that connect the working end to the handle
- Working end: portion of the instruments designed for a specific function.
classification of dental instrumnets
three common accessory instruments:
- Examination instruments: caries examination, inspection of the oral soft tissue and periodontal assessment.
- Cutting instruments: is used to cut bevels in the cavity prep, remove decay close to pulp, and remove soft dentin
-Restorative instrument: used in amalgam placement, composite placement, and so on.
The G.V black formula
most of the instruments are made of stainless steel, carbon steel and plastic or metal.
Dentist will refer to an instruments by # and the G.V black formula or by name.
back formula
- first number in the formula describes the blade width of the instrument
- second number overall length of blade in millimeters
- 3rd # the angle of the blade in relationship to the handle
Instruments sequence on a tray
bastic dental examination setup includes:
- mouth mirror
- An explorer
- cotton pilers
other equipment sometimes
- gauze squares
- periodontal probe
-articulating probe
- air/water syringe
often office will color code instruments with small rubber like hands around the handle. color-coding of instruments improves organization and efficient in delivering care. To organize instruments by color, select a color and then use:
- instruments with bands of the same color
- the tray if the same color
- ## A tub with dental materials of the same color.
danter examination setup
Mouth mirror: defects the light on tooth surfaces, retracts the tongue
Periodontal probe: used to measure sulcus and pocket depths of the periodontium of each tooth. the working end is calibrated in millimenter.
Explorers: thin single or double ended.
-located enamel defects and carious surfaces
-location supra and sub-gingival calculus
-locating failing margins on restorations
-Cotton pliers: to hold cotton pellets,
swabs.
Hand cutting instruments
Hand cutting instruments with sharp edges that are used for preparing cavity restorations. lined up on tray after examination instruments.
- spoon excavator: most commonly used. it is doubles ended with spoon or disk-shaped blade. it is used to remove decay from carious lesions. Also might used to removed temporary crowns.
- Chisels: have two different angles on each side. to shear off unsupported enamel and to smooth and sharpen the walls of the cavity preparations.
- Hoe: smilier to garden.
- Enamel hatchet: used to cleave enamel along the lines of enamel rods
also used for cavity preparation. - Gingival margin trimmer: used to trim, shape and smooth the gingival floor of the cavity.
Restorative instruments
restorative dental materials into the shape of the patient’s normal, anatomy of the tooth.
- Amalgam carrier: transports freshly prepared amalgam to cavity preparation.
- Condenser: used to pack or condense the amalgam filling material into the cavity preparation.
-Carver: used to carve the amalgam filling materials to the same shapes as the original tooth structures.
-Burnisher: smooths out and polishes the finished restoration.
- composite-placement instrument: is designed to condense and cave composite restorations.
Accessory instruments
- Cement spatulas: single -ended instruments used to mix, carry and place cements, bases and temporary filling materials.
- Articulating paper: used to hold papers when checking patient’s occlusion
- Crown and bridge scissors: used many restorative procedures the tip can be flat or curve.
Lowe speed handpiece
used to remove caries, refine, cavity preparation and polish the coronal surface.
-straight attachments
-prophylaxis angle attachments
- laych type rotary instruments
prophylaxis angle
used during coronal polishing procedures two types of angles
- metal prophy axis: lower speed straight attachment and then the motor.
- Disposable plastic prophy angle: low speed handpiecs topolish the smooth surface.
High speed handpiece
dentist used the high speed in every procedure. generate amount of heats. The water keeps the tooth cool to help avoid injury to pulp.
clinical uses of the high-speed hand-piece does not have attachments
-cavity removal
-removal of aged restorations
- removal tooth structure for crown or bridge restorations
- finishing or polishing of restorations
-surgical sectioning of a tooth during extraction procedures
Ultrasonic handpiece
powered by electricity. used for prophylaxis appointments
three types:
- magnetostrictive
- piezoelectric
- sonic
used to remove
-calculus
-stains
The laster handpiece
used to remove decay from the tooth structure to cure bonding materials to whiten teeth and periodontal treatments. without change and without damage to the surrounding tissues or materials. it is high spped. contains both water and air coolant system
caution:
do not sharply bend or touch fiber optic cord. Also keep connecting parts clean
Air abrasion system
to remove enamel, dentin and restorative materials with compromising healthy tooth structures and without need for local anesthesia.
uses:
- enamel preparation for sealant placement
- surface stain removal
- cavity preparations class I and VI
-accessing canals for endodontic treatment
Burs
insturments attchments that is used to enter the tooth structures, remove decay, cut retention grooves, from internal walls of the prep.
Burs comes in variety of shapes.
