General Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What is the study of anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of shape and structures of the human body. naming the body parts. systems,directions and body planes and cavities.

Question 2

what is physiology?

Answer 2

he study of functions and how all parts work together.

Question 3

The skeletal system

Answer 3

• 206 bone
• function are protection, support , storage minerals , and shape

Question 4

Skeleton is divided into

Answer 4

axial: skull, spinal cords,
appendicular: upper extermitites and lower

Question 5

What are the two kinds of bone

Answer 5

Compact bone: it is hard, dense and strong

cancellous bone: spongy bone it is lighter in weight

Question 6

Bone marrow

Answer 6

1. red marrow: filled with blood vessel, red marrow makes red and white blood cells. found in children.
2. yellow marrow: contains mainly fat cells it found in adults long bones.

Question 7

types of joint

Answer 7

fibrous joints: like skull do not move

cartilaginous joints: made of connective tissue and cartilage

synovial joints: these moveable joints

Question 8

skrletal system disorders?

Answer 8

• osteoporosis: low bone mass
• Arthritis: التهاب المفاصل

-fracture: broken bone

Question 9

muscular system?

Answer 9

gives the ability to walk, run and digest food and pump blood.

muscular system consists of muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve issues and blood tissue.

Question 10

type of muscle tissue

Answer 10

-skeletal or striated: dark and light bond and it is known as voluntary muscle.

• smooth muscle: moves the internal organs
• cardiac muscle

Question 11

muscle movement

Answer 11

• contraction: become shorter and thicker
• Relaxation:when the muscle return to it original from or shape

Question 12

muscle

Answer 12

origin: attached to portion that is attached to less movable bone during contraction

Insertion: attached to moveable end of bone

Question 13

the cardiovascular system

Answer 13

made up of circulatrotu system (arteries veins), heart, lymphatic system.

Question 14

circulatory system

Answer 14

system transports o2 and nutrients to cells and pick up co2 wastes from the body.

Question 15

The heart

Answer 15

double walled membranous sac know as pericardium

heats is hollow muscle with 4 chambers

Question 16

the vessels are named for thire location

Answer 16

• arteries : carry blood away from heart.

-capillaries: vessels that connect the arterial. are so tiny red blood must travel as a line up.

-veins: carry deoxgental toward heart low pressure collecting system to return the waste-filled blood to heart

Question 17

blood

Answer 17

plasm 91% water.
types of blood cell are

red bloodz: contain protein homoglobin part of oxygen transport.

while blood: leukocytes blood cells function of fighting disease in body.

Question 18

The lymphatic system

Answer 18

defense against disease spleen is important to this system.

Question 19

nervous system

Answer 19

• central nervous system: consist of brain and spinal cord.

-peripheral nervous system: consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerve. control heart rate, body tempture, breathing

Question 20

Function of respiratory system

Answer 20

• transport of o2 to cell and excretion co2

-larynx is also known as the voice box, contains the vocal cords.

Question 20

The respiratory system

Answer 20

consists of
nose
pharynax
laryna
trachea
alveoil
paranasal sinuses
lungs

Question 21

The digestive system

Answer 21

-ingestion: broken down into smallar pieces with teeth

-digestion: swallowed
- movement: food move through the digestive tract
-absorption: nutritional element into bloodstream.
Elimination:

Question 22

The head

Answer 22

frontal
occipital
temporal
orbital
infraobital
buccal
parietal
mental
nasal

Question 22

Endocrine system

Answer 22

consists of ductless glands and tissue that help regulated the body’s activities.

Endocrine uses chemical messages called hormones that released through ducts into the bloodstream.

Question 23

lateral skull

Answer 23

single frontal occipital sphenoid Ethmiod paried parietal paired temporal

Question 24

Anterior skull

Answer 24

lacrimal bone nasal bone vomer inferior nasal concha zygomatic bone maxilla mandible (one moveable bone in skull)

Question 25

Temporomandibular join

Answer 25

joint on each side of head that allow for movement of the mandible - glenoid fossa - articular eminence - condyloid process

Question 26

muscles of head and neck

Answer 26

-muscles of neck -muscles of facial expression -muscles mastication -muscles of tongue - muscles of soft palate - muscles of pharynx

Question 27

muscles of facial expression

Answer 27

orbicularis iris buccinator mentalis zygomaticus major

Question 28

muscles mastication

Answer 28

temporal masseter internal (medial) pterygoid external (lateral ) pterygoid these muscles are attached to the mandible

Question 29

The muscles of the floor of the mouth

Answer 29

digastric mylohyoid styohyoid geninohoid these muscles are located between mandible and hyoid bone.

Question 30

Tongue two group

Answer 30

intrinsic : muscles are responsible for shaping the tongue during speech, chewing and swallowing. extrinsic: assist in the movement and function of the tongue. - geniolossus: protrudes the tongue -hyolossus: retracts and pull down the side of tongue. - styloglossus: retracts the tongue -palatoglossus: elevates the tongue and pull it backward.

Question 31

muscles of the soft palate

Answer 31

- Palatoglossus - palatopharyngeus

Question 32

muscles of pharynx include three pharyngeal constrictors and two muscles

Answer 32

superior constrictor middle constrictor inferior constrictor stylopharyngeous muscle palatopharyngeus muscle

Question 33

The salivary gland

Answer 33

produce saliva, which lubricates and cleanses the oral cavity and aids the digestion of food through an enzymatic process. Also helps maintain the integrity of tooth surfaces through a process remineralization.

Question 34

major salivary

Answer 34

- parotid salivary gland : largest 25% volume of saliva. - submandiblar salivary gland: below the mandible, releases saliva into oral cavity through duct. 60-65% of total volume of sailva - sublingual salivary gland: below the tongue, it is the smallest of the three and provides only 10 % of the total salivary volume.

Question 35

two types of saliva

Answer 35

serous: produced by parotid gland; it is watery and mainly protein Mocous: very thick mainly carbohydrates salivary glands are classified by size - Xerostomia: dry month can result in an increase in dental decay and problem in speech and chewing. -salivary stones: can block duct openings preventing saliva from flowing into mouth.

Question 36

Blood vessels of hand and neck

Answer 36

-Arota: ascends from the left of heart. - common carotid artery: Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries. - common carotid artery: Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries. - internal carotid artery:Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries. -external carotid artery:Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries.

Question 37

facial nerve

Answer 37

facial paralysis result from damage to lower motor neurons of facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). the facial muscles on one side are unsable.

Question 38

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 38

primary source of innervation for the oral cavity. Trigeminal nerve -maxillary -mandibula -ophthalmic

Question 39

lymph nodes of head and neck

Answer 39

lymph nodes nay indicate infection and cancer during examination.

Question 40

lymph nodes that a dentist will palpate for inflammation

Answer 40

lymph node is samll round oval structure in lymph vessels. -nodes that lie on both side the neck. tonsillar area below the angle of mandible - along the underside of mandible -under the chin

Question 41

paranasal sinuses

Answer 41

are air containing spaces with in skull that communicate with nasal cavity. function: production of mucus. making bones of skull lighter, and providing resonance that help produce sound. maxillary sinuses: largest ethmoid sinuses: frontal sinusesz; above eyes sphenoid sinuses: located close to optic nerve, where vision damage