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dental program > General Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

General Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of anatomy?

A

The study of shape and structures of the human body. naming the body parts. systems,directions and body planes and cavities.

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2
Q

what is physiology?

A

he study of functions and how all parts work together.

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3
Q

The skeletal system

A
  • 206 bone
  • function are protection, support , storage minerals , and shape
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4
Q

Skeleton is divided into

A

axial: skull, spinal cords,
appendicular: upper extermitites and lower

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5
Q

What are the two kinds of bone

A

Compact bone: it is hard, dense and strong

cancellous bone: spongy bone it is lighter in weight

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6
Q

Bone marrow

A
  1. red marrow: filled with blood vessel, red marrow makes red and white blood cells. found in children.
  2. yellow marrow: contains mainly fat cells it found in adults long bones.
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7
Q

types of joint

A

fibrous joints: like skull do not move

cartilaginous joints: made of connective tissue and cartilage

synovial joints: these moveable joints

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8
Q

skrletal system disorders?

A
  • osteoporosis: low bone mass
  • Arthritis: التهاب المفاصل

-fracture: broken bone

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9
Q

muscular system?

A

gives the ability to walk, run and digest food and pump blood.

muscular system consists of muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve issues and blood tissue.

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10
Q

type of muscle tissue

A

-skeletal or striated: dark and light bond and it is known as voluntary muscle.

  • smooth muscle: moves the internal organs
  • cardiac muscle
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11
Q

muscle movement

A
  • contraction: become shorter and thicker
  • Relaxation:when the muscle return to it original from or shape
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12
Q

muscle

A

origin: attached to portion that is attached to less movable bone during contraction

Insertion: attached to moveable end of bone

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13
Q

the cardiovascular system

A

made up of circulatrotu system (arteries veins), heart, lymphatic system.

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14
Q

circulatory system

A

system transports o2 and nutrients to cells and pick up co2 wastes from the body.

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15
Q

The heart

A

double walled membranous sac know as pericardium

heats is hollow muscle with 4 chambers

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16
Q

the vessels are named for thire location

A
  • arteries : carry blood away from heart.

-capillaries: vessels that connect the arterial. are so tiny red blood must travel as a line up.

-veins: carry deoxgental toward heart low pressure collecting system to return the waste-filled blood to heart

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17
Q

blood

A

plasm 91% water.
types of blood cell are

red bloodz: contain protein homoglobin part of oxygen transport.

while blood: leukocytes blood cells function of fighting disease in body.

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18
Q

The lymphatic system

A

defense against disease spleen is important to this system.

19
Q

nervous system

A
  • central nervous system: consist of brain and spinal cord.

-peripheral nervous system: consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerve. control heart rate, body tempture, breathing

20
Q

Function of respiratory system

A
  • transport of o2 to cell and excretion co2

-larynx is also known as the voice box, contains the vocal cords.

20
Q

The respiratory system

A

consists of
nose
pharynax
laryna
trachea
alveoil
paranasal sinuses
lungs

21
Q

The digestive system

A

-ingestion: broken down into smallar pieces with teeth

-digestion: swallowed
- movement: food move through the digestive tract
-absorption: nutritional element into bloodstream.
Elimination:

22
Q

The head

A

frontal
occipital
temporal
orbital
infraobital
buccal
parietal
mental
nasal

22
Q

Endocrine system

A

consists of ductless glands and tissue that help regulated the body’s activities.

Endocrine uses chemical messages called hormones that released through ducts into the bloodstream.

23
Q

lateral skull

A

single frontal
occipital
sphenoid
Ethmiod
paried parietal
paired temporal

24
Q

Anterior skull

A

lacrimal bone
nasal bone
vomer
inferior nasal concha
zygomatic bone
maxilla
mandible (one moveable bone in skull)

25
Q

Temporomandibular join

A

joint on each side of head that allow for movement of the mandible

  • glenoid fossa
  • articular eminence
  • condyloid process
26
Q

muscles of head and neck

A

-muscles of neck
-muscles of facial expression
-muscles mastication
-muscles of tongue
- muscles of soft palate
- muscles of pharynx

27
Q

muscles of facial expression

A

orbicularis iris
buccinator
mentalis
zygomaticus major

28
Q

muscles mastication

A

temporal
masseter
internal (medial) pterygoid
external (lateral ) pterygoid

these muscles are attached to the mandible

29
Q

The muscles of the floor of the mouth

A

digastric
mylohyoid
styohyoid
geninohoid

these muscles are located between mandible and hyoid bone.

30
Q

Tongue two group

A

intrinsic : muscles are responsible for shaping the tongue during speech, chewing and swallowing.

extrinsic: assist in the movement and function of the tongue.

  • geniolossus: protrudes the tongue
    -hyolossus: retracts and pull down the side of tongue.
  • styloglossus: retracts the tongue
    -palatoglossus: elevates the tongue and pull it backward.
31
Q

muscles of the soft palate

A
  • Palatoglossus
  • palatopharyngeus
32
Q

muscles of pharynx include three pharyngeal constrictors and two muscles

A

superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor
stylopharyngeous muscle
palatopharyngeus muscle

33
Q

The salivary gland

A

produce saliva, which lubricates and cleanses the oral cavity and aids the digestion of food through an enzymatic process.
Also helps maintain the integrity of tooth surfaces through a process remineralization.

34
Q

major salivary

A
  • parotid salivary gland : largest 25% volume of saliva.
  • submandiblar salivary gland: below the mandible, releases saliva into oral cavity through duct. 60-65% of total volume of sailva
  • sublingual salivary gland: below the tongue, it is the smallest of the three and provides only 10 % of the total salivary volume.
35
Q

two types of saliva

A

serous: produced by parotid gland; it is watery and mainly protein

Mocous: very thick mainly carbohydrates

salivary glands are classified by size
- Xerostomia: dry month can result in an increase in dental decay and problem in speech and chewing.

-salivary stones: can block duct openings preventing saliva from flowing into mouth.

36
Q

Blood vessels of hand and neck

A

-Arota: ascends from the left of heart.
- common carotid artery: Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries.

  • common carotid artery: Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries.
  • internal carotid artery:Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries.

-external carotid artery:Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internala nd external carotid arteries.

37
Q

facial nerve

A

facial paralysis result from damage to lower motor neurons of facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). the facial muscles on one side are unsable.

38
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

primary source of innervation for the oral cavity.

Trigeminal nerve
-maxillary
-mandibula
-ophthalmic

39
Q

lymph nodes of head and neck

A

lymph nodes nay indicate infection and cancer during examination.

40
Q

lymph nodes that a dentist will palpate for inflammation

A

lymph node is samll round oval structure in lymph vessels.

-nodes that lie on both side the neck.
tonsillar area below the angle of mandible
- along the underside of mandible
-under the chin

41
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

are air containing spaces with in skull that communicate with nasal cavity.

function: production of mucus. making bones of skull lighter, and providing resonance that help produce sound.

maxillary sinuses: largest
ethmoid sinuses:
frontal sinusesz; above eyes
sphenoid sinuses: located close to optic nerve, where vision damage

42
Q
A

dental program (38 decks)

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