Pectoral Region & Superficial Structures of the Upper Limb Flashcards
what does the clavipectoral fascia invest?
- subclavius
- pectoralis major
what kind of tissue is fascia?
dense connective tissue
what pierces the costocoracoid membrane?
lateral pectoral nerve
what innervates pectoralis major
lateral pectoral nerve
what supports the axillary fascia when the arm is abducted?
suspensory ligament
what helps created the axillary fossa?
suspensory ligament
what muscles does the costocoracoid membrane connect?
pectoralis major and subclavius
what is in the anterior compartment of the arm?
flexor muscles:
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
what is in the posterior compartment of the arm?
extensor muscles:
-triceps brachii
what kind of fascia covers the arm?
brachial fascia
what kind of fascia covers the forearm?
antebrachial fascia
what attaches to the antebrachial fascia superiorly and the palmar aponeurosis inferiorly on the wrist?
- extensor retinaculum
- palmar carpal ligament
what bones does the interosseous membrane connect?
radius and ulna
which is deeper, the flexor retinaculum or the palmar carpal ligament?
flexor retinaculum
from what vein is blood drawn?
median cubital vein
which veins help communication between superficial and deep veins?
perforating veins
where are the cubital lymph nodes located?
near the medial cubital vein
4 pectoral region muscles
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- subclavius
- serratus anterior
what are the 3 heads of pectoralis major?
- clavicular head
- sternocostal head
- abdominal head
clavicular head pectoralis major origin
anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head pectoralis major origin
- sternum
- superior 6 costal cartilages
pectoralis major insertion
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
pectoralis minor origin
ribs 3-5 close to costal cartilage
pectoralis minor insertion
- medial border of scapula
- superior surface of coronoid process of scapula
subclavius origin
junction of rib 1 and its costal cartilage
subclavius insertion
inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
serratus anterior origin
external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8
serratus anterior insertion
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
pectoralis major action
- adducts
- medially rotates shoulder joint
- stabilizes scapula
pectoralis minor action
stabilizes scapula
subclavius
- anchors clavicle
- depresses clavicle
serratus anterior
- protracts scapula
- holds scapula against thoracic wall
- rotates scapula
pectoralis major innervation
- lateral pectoral nerve
- medial pectoral nerve
pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve
subclavius innervation
subclavian nerve
serratus anterior innervation
long thoracic nerve
what are modified sweat glands?
mammary glands
what drains each lobule?
lactiferous duct
what is a dilated portion of the lactiferous duct?
lactiferous sinus
what supports the mammary glands?
suspensory ligaments
what allows the breast free movement on top of the pectoral fascia?
retromammary space
what does 2/3 of the breast usually rest on?
pectoral fascia or pectoralis major
what does 1/3 of the breast usually rest on?
fascia of serratus anterior
what is a small part of breast that may extend toward the axillary fossa?
axillary process or tail
map the blood supply to the breast through the internal thoracic artery
internal thoracic»_space; perforating and anterior intercostal branch»_space; medial mammary branches
map the blood supply to the breast through the axillary artery
axillary»_space; lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches»_space; lateral mammary branches
map the blood supply to the breast through the posterior intercostal arteries
posterior intercostal»_space; lateral cutaneous branches»_space; lateral mammary branches
map the blood drainage from the breast through the lateral mammary veins
lateral mammary veins»_space; lateral thoracic vein»_space; axillary vein
map the blood drainage from the breast through the medial mammary veins
medial mammary veins»_space; perforating branches»_space; internal thoracic
most breast lymphatic drainage will go to what?
pectoral (anterior) lymph node
where does the rest of the breast lymphatic drainage go?
- abdominal lymph nodes
- parasternal lymph nodes
what makes up the axillary lymph nodes?
CHAPS
- central lymph nodes
- humeral lymph nodes
- apical lymph nodes
- pectoral lymph nodes
- subscapular lymph nodes
which lymph nodes will doctors check first if signs of breast cancer?
axillary lymph nodes
what quadrant is most breast cancer found?
superolateral quadrant (~10:00)
what is 2 or more breasts
polymastia
what is 2 or more nipples
polythelia
what is no breast development
amastia
what BC stage are abnormal cells noted, but no visible mass?
0
what BC stage is tumor (<2cm), with NO metastasis to lymph nodes?
1
what BC stage is tumor (2-5cm), metastasis may be present?
2
what BC stage is tumor (>5cm), definite metastasis?
3
what BC stage is tumor (any size), metastasis to lymph AND other organs?
4
