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Anatomy Bootcamp > Pectoral Region & Superficial Structures of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Pectoral Region & Superficial Structures of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what does the clavipectoral fascia invest?

A
  • subclavius

- pectoralis major

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2
Q

what kind of tissue is fascia?

A

dense connective tissue

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3
Q

what pierces the costocoracoid membrane?

A

lateral pectoral nerve

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4
Q

what innervates pectoralis major

A

lateral pectoral nerve

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5
Q

what supports the axillary fascia when the arm is abducted?

A

suspensory ligament

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6
Q

what helps created the axillary fossa?

A

suspensory ligament

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7
Q

what muscles does the costocoracoid membrane connect?

A

pectoralis major and subclavius

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8
Q

what is in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

flexor muscles:

  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis
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9
Q

what is in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

extensor muscles:

-triceps brachii

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10
Q

what kind of fascia covers the arm?

A

brachial fascia

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11
Q

what kind of fascia covers the forearm?

A

antebrachial fascia

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12
Q

what attaches to the antebrachial fascia superiorly and the palmar aponeurosis inferiorly on the wrist?

A
  • extensor retinaculum

- palmar carpal ligament

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13
Q

what bones does the interosseous membrane connect?

A

radius and ulna

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14
Q

which is deeper, the flexor retinaculum or the palmar carpal ligament?

A

flexor retinaculum

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15
Q

from what vein is blood drawn?

A

median cubital vein

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16
Q

which veins help communication between superficial and deep veins?

A

perforating veins

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17
Q

where are the cubital lymph nodes located?

A

near the medial cubital vein

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18
Q

4 pectoral region muscles

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius
  • serratus anterior
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19
Q

what are the 3 heads of pectoralis major?

A
  • clavicular head
  • sternocostal head
  • abdominal head
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20
Q

clavicular head pectoralis major origin

A

anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

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21
Q

sternocostal head pectoralis major origin

A
  • sternum

- superior 6 costal cartilages

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22
Q

pectoralis major insertion

A

lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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23
Q

pectoralis minor origin

A

ribs 3-5 close to costal cartilage

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24
Q

pectoralis minor insertion

A
  • medial border of scapula

- superior surface of coronoid process of scapula

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25
Q

subclavius origin

A

junction of rib 1 and its costal cartilage

26
Q

subclavius insertion

A

inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle

27
Q

serratus anterior origin

A

external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8

28
Q

serratus anterior insertion

A

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

29
Q

pectoralis major action

A
  • adducts
  • medially rotates shoulder joint
  • stabilizes scapula
30
Q

pectoralis minor action

A

stabilizes scapula

31
Q

subclavius

A
  • anchors clavicle

- depresses clavicle

32
Q

serratus anterior

A
  • protracts scapula
  • holds scapula against thoracic wall
  • rotates scapula
33
Q

pectoralis major innervation

A
  • lateral pectoral nerve

- medial pectoral nerve

34
Q

pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

35
Q

subclavius innervation

A

subclavian nerve

36
Q

serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve

37
Q

what are modified sweat glands?

A

mammary glands

38
Q

what drains each lobule?

A

lactiferous duct

39
Q

what is a dilated portion of the lactiferous duct?

A

lactiferous sinus

40
Q

what supports the mammary glands?

A

suspensory ligaments

41
Q

what allows the breast free movement on top of the pectoral fascia?

A

retromammary space

42
Q

what does 2/3 of the breast usually rest on?

A

pectoral fascia or pectoralis major

43
Q

what does 1/3 of the breast usually rest on?

A

fascia of serratus anterior

44
Q

what is a small part of breast that may extend toward the axillary fossa?

A

axillary process or tail

45
Q

map the blood supply to the breast through the internal thoracic artery

A

internal thoracic&raquo_space; perforating and anterior intercostal branch&raquo_space; medial mammary branches

46
Q

map the blood supply to the breast through the axillary artery

A

axillary&raquo_space; lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches&raquo_space; lateral mammary branches

47
Q

map the blood supply to the breast through the posterior intercostal arteries

A

posterior intercostal&raquo_space; lateral cutaneous branches&raquo_space; lateral mammary branches

48
Q

map the blood drainage from the breast through the lateral mammary veins

A

lateral mammary veins&raquo_space; lateral thoracic vein&raquo_space; axillary vein

49
Q

map the blood drainage from the breast through the medial mammary veins

A

medial mammary veins&raquo_space; perforating branches&raquo_space; internal thoracic

50
Q

most breast lymphatic drainage will go to what?

A

pectoral (anterior) lymph node

51
Q

where does the rest of the breast lymphatic drainage go?

A
  • abdominal lymph nodes

- parasternal lymph nodes

52
Q

what makes up the axillary lymph nodes?

A

CHAPS

  • central lymph nodes
  • humeral lymph nodes
  • apical lymph nodes
  • pectoral lymph nodes
  • subscapular lymph nodes
53
Q

which lymph nodes will doctors check first if signs of breast cancer?

A

axillary lymph nodes

54
Q

what quadrant is most breast cancer found?

A

superolateral quadrant (~10:00)

55
Q

what is 2 or more breasts

A

polymastia

56
Q

what is 2 or more nipples

A

polythelia

57
Q

what is no breast development

A

amastia

58
Q

what BC stage are abnormal cells noted, but no visible mass?

A

0

59
Q

what BC stage is tumor (<2cm), with NO metastasis to lymph nodes?

A

1

60
Q

what BC stage is tumor (2-5cm), metastasis may be present?

A

2

61
Q

what BC stage is tumor (>5cm), definite metastasis?

A

3

62
Q

what BC stage is tumor (any size), metastasis to lymph AND other organs?

A

4

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