Epithelium Flashcards
where are microvilli located
- GI tract
- kidney
where are stereocilia located
- epididymis
- ear cochlea
which apical modifications increase surface area
- microvilli
- stereocilia
which apical modifications move substances
cilia
where are cilia located
- respiratory system
- oviduct
what are microvilli made of
actin filaments
actin-binding proteins of microvilli
- fimbrin
- fascin
lateral anchoring proteins of microvilli
myosin I
amorphous apex of microvilli
villin
cilia core made of
axoneme (9 doublets + 1 doublet microtubules)
what kind of arms for cilia
dynein arms
cilia function
transport materials along surface - beating
consequence of primary ciliary dyskinesia (immotile cilia)
- dextrocardia
- no mucus removal from lungs
- infertility
- impaired skull sinuses
3 cell junctions
- tight (occluding) junctions
- anchoring junctions
- communicating (gap) junctions
zonula occludens type
- cell to cell
- tight junction
- belt
zonula adherens
- actin filaments<>actin filaments
- anchoring junction
macula adherens (desmosome)
- intermediate filament<>intermediate filament
- anchoring junction
zonula occludens function
prevent diffusion (block paracellular pathways)
zolnula occuldens location
- stomach (secretory)
- kidney (absorptive)
anchoring junctions function
- stability
- mechanical strength
- connect cell filaments
zonula adherens filaments
actin filaments
zolnula adherens transmembrane link protein
cadherin
macula adherens filaments
intermediate filaments
what do intermediate filaments of macula adherens bind to?
intracellular plaque
macula adherens transmembrane link protein
cadherin
pemphigus
autoimmune disease of cell junctions for middle aged patients
pemphigus presentation
mucous membrane blistering, widespread skin
pemphigus cause
desmoglein (cadherin) can’t anchor the cells because antibodies for desmosomal proteins
2 connexons with 6 protein subunits each (connexions)
gap junctions
most common gap junction locations
- epithelia
- cardiac and smooth muscle
- embryonic tissues
gap junction function
transport small molecules and ions
basal lamina make up
- from epithelium
- laminin
- collagen type 4
reticular lamina make up
- from connective tissue
- collagen type 3
cell attachment connects actin filaments to basement membrane
focal adhesion
cell attachment connects intermediate filaments to basement membrane
hemidesmosome
focal adhesion peripheral protein
talin
focal adhesion transmembrane protein
integrin
hemidesmosome attachment before basement membrane
intracellular plaque
hemidesmosome transmembrane protein
integrin
which epithelium has dome cells
transitional epithelium
endocrine gland features
- secretion into blood/lumph (internal)
- NO ducts
- hormone production
exocrine gland features
- secretion to surface
- ducts
exocrine gland types
- holocrine
- apocrine
- merocrine
holocrine function
cell destruction (release whole cell)
ex: Sebaceous gland
apocrine function
apical cytoplasm pinching (release vesicle)
ex: Mammary gland
merocrine function
exocytosis (no cell part lost)
ex: goblet cells, pancreas
3 types of merocrine glands
- serous
- mucous
- mixed
serous merocrine secretions
protein
mucous merocrine secretions
water (mucins)
serous gland cell structure
- active (euchromatic) nucleus
- dark secretory granules
- lots of ER
what color do serous glands stain?
dark
serous gland location
- pancreas
- parotid salivary gland
mucous glands cell structure
- inactive (heterochromatic) nucleus
- pale secretory glandules
- little RER
what color do mucous glands stain
pale
mucous gland function
protection and lubriction
mucous gland location
- Brunner’s glands (stomach)
- Goblet cells (respiratory & intestine)
unicellular exocrine glands function
-secrete mucous
unicellular exocrine glands location
- goblet cells
- intestine
- respiratory tract
which type of exocrine gland is along columnar epithelial cells?
unicellular exocrine glands
which gland has an alveolar secretory part?
serous
which gland has tubular secretory part?
mucous
which gland has tubuloalveolar secretory part?
mixed
what kind of tissue for carcinoma?
barrier epithelial tissue
what kind of tissue for adenocarcinoma?
glandular tissue
what are the arms attached to doublets composed of?
dynein
what does a mutation in a gene encoding keratin affect?
macula adherens (desomosme)
what has intermediate filaments connected to basal lamina?
hemidesmosome
what causes a reduction in bronchial epithelium?
cilia
Zonula adherens actin-binding protein?
Vinculin (a-protein)
Zonula adherens peripheral protein?
Catenin
Which is a tighter link, zonula adherens or macula adherens?
Macula Adherens (desmosomes)
Mixed seromucous glands consist of which types of cells?
- mucous cells (tubules)
- serous cells (serous demilunes)
What kind of gland is the submandibular salivary gland?
mixed (seromucous) gland
2 types of exocrine glands
- unicellular (goblet cells)
- multicellular (mucous, serous glands)
