Intrinsic Back & Suboccipital Muscles Flashcards
extrinsic back muscle embryo
hypomere of myotome
have to migrate to back
intrinsic back muscle embryo
epimere of myotome
extrinsic rami
anterior
intrinsic rami
posterior
extrinsic action
control of:
- superficial = limbs
- intermediate = respiration
intrinsic action
act on vertebral column
what muscles does the thoracodorsal fascia compartmentalize?
intrinsic back muscles
where is the thoracodorsal fascia thicker?
lumbar
where is the thoracodorsal fascia thinner?
thoracic
2 superficial layers (spinotransversales) of muscles
- splenius capitis
- splenius cervicis
9 intermediate layers (erector spinal) of muscles
- Spinalis capitis
- Spinalis cervicis
- Spinalis thoracis
- Longissimus capitis
- Longissimus cervicis
- Longissimus thoracis
- Iliocostalis cervicis
- Iliocostalis thoracis
- Iliocostalis lumborum
9 deep layers (transversospinales) muscles
- Semispinalis cervicis
- Semispinalis thoracis
- Multifidus
- Rotatores cervicis
- Rotatores thoracis
- Rotatores lumborum
- Interspinales
- Intertransversarii
- Levator scapulae
splenius capitis origin
- lower nuchal ligament
- SP lower cervical, upper thoracic
splenius capitis insertion
- mastoid process
- skull below superior nuchal line
splenius capitis action
- bilaterally extends head
- unilaterally flexes and rotates face to the same side (ear to shoulder)
splenius capitis innervation
posterior rami middle cervical nerves
splenius capitis blood supply
deep cervical artery
splenius cervicis orgigin
SP upper thoracic
splenius cervicis orgin
SP upper thoracic
splenius cervicis insertion
TP upper cervical
splenius cervicis action
- bilaterally extends neck
- unilaterally flexes and rotates neck to same side (ear to shoulder)
splenius cervicis innervation
posterior rami lower cervical nerves
splenius cervicis blood supply
deep cervical artery
spinalis origin
SP
spinalis insertion
SP
erector spinae muscle group action
extends and laterally bends vertebral column and head
erector spinae muscle group innervation
posterior rami of spinal nerves in each region
which spinalis muscle attaches to the mastoid process
spinalis capitis
longissimus origin
TP
which longissimus muscle attaches to the mastoid process
longissimus capitis
longissimus insertion
TP
which longissimus muscles attache to the ribs
- longissimus thoracis
- longissimus lumborum
iliocostalis origin
- sacrum
- iliac crest
- supraspinous ligaments
- angles of ribs
iliocostalis insertion
TP
what are the 2 paired muscles in the deep layer
- levatores costarum
- interspinales
levatores costarum origin
TP upper cervical-lower thoracic
**paired muscle
**spans ~2 ribs
levatores costarum insertion
rib below tubercle
levatores costarum action
elevates rib
levatores costarum innervation
posterior rami of spinal nerves
interspinales origin & insertion
between SP of adjacent vertebrae
**paired muscle
interspinales action
stabilize vertebrae during movement (postural muscle)
interspinales innervation
posterior rami of spinal nerves
intertransversarii origin & insertion
between TP of adjacent vertebrae
intertransversarii action
stabilize vertebrae during movement (postural muscle)
intertransversarii innervation
posterior & anterior rami of spinal nerves
semispinalis thoracis origin
TP middle-lower thoracic
semispinalis thoracis insertion
SP lower cervical, upper thoracic
**spans 4-6 vertebrae
semispinalis cervicis origin
TP upper thoracic
3 segmental muscles
- interspinales
- intertransversarii
- levatores costarum
semispinalis cervicis insertion
SP upper-middle cervical
**spans 4-6 vertebrae
semispinalis capitis origin
- TP lower cervical, upper thoracic
- articular processes middle-lower cervical
semispinalis insertion
medial area between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital bone
multifidus origin
- sacrum
- erector spinae
- PSIS
- mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae
- TP thoracic vertebrae
- AP cervical vertebrae
multifidus insertion
base of SP upper cervical to lower lumbar
**span 2-4 vertebrae
which intrinsic back muscles span 4-6 vertebrae?
- semispinalis thoracis
- semispinalis cervicis
which intrinsic back muscle spans ~2-4 vertebrae?
- multifidus
- levatores costarum
rotatores muscles origins
TP/AP of each region
rotatores muscles insertions
SP of each region
**short = 1 vert away
**long = 2 vert away
3 rotatores muscles
- rotatores lumborum
- rotatores thoracis
- rotatores cervicis
which muscles unilateral bend the head and neck (ear to shoulder)
- iliocostalis cervicis
- longissimus capitis
- longissimus cervicis
- splenius capitis
- splenius cervicis
- intertransversarii
muscles that unilaterally bend the head and neck (ear to shoulder) attach to what?
TP
which muscles bilaterally extend the head and neck?
- semispinalis cervicis
- iliocostalis cervicis
- splenius cervicis
- levator scapulae
- splenius capitis
- multifidus
- longissimus capitis
- semispinalis capitis
- trapezius
muscles that bilaterally extend the head attach to what?
SP
which muscles ipsilaterally rotate the head and neck (look over shoulder)?
- rotatores
- semispinalis capitis
- semispinalis cervicis
- splenius cervicis
- contralateral = sternocleidomastoid
which muscles bilaterally extend the back?
- erector spinae
- multifidus
- semispinalis throacis
which muscles unilaterally flex the back (lean to the side)?
- iliocostalis thoracis
- iliocostalis lumborum
- longissimus thoracis
- multifidus
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- quadratus lumborum
- rhomboids
- serratus anterior
which muscles unilaterally rotate the back (lawn mower)?
- rotatores
- multifidus
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- external oblique with opposite internal oblique
- splenius thoracis
sprain
injury to ONLY ligamentous tissue
sprain symptoms
pain, swelling, bruising, not able to move joint, may hear pop
**ankle
sTrain
injury to muscle or tendinous fibers
strain symptoms
pain, muscle weakness, swelling, trouble moving muscles, muscle spasms
**lower back/posterior thigh
spasm
involuntary movement (due to injury/inflammation)
4 muscles of suboccipital triangle
- rectus capitis posterior minor
- rectus capitis posterior major
- obliquus capitis superior
- obliquus capitis inferior
roof = semispinalis capitis floor = posterior arch C1 and posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
suboccipital triangle contents
- vertebral artery
- suboccipital nerve
what muscles extend at the Atlanta-occipital joint?
- rectus capitis posterior minor
- recuts capitis posterior major
- obliquus capitis superior
- splenius capitis
- longissimus capitis
- ascending part of trapezius
**maybe proprioception
obliquus capitis inferior action
rotation of face to same side
blockage of what artery can cause light headedness or dizziness when turning head
vertebral artery (suboccipital triangle and transverse foramen)
which muscles will be affected by injury to the suboccipital nerve between the vertebral artery and posterior arch of atlas?
- rectus capitis posterior major
- rectus capitis posterior minor
- semispinalis capitis
- obliquus capitis superior
- obliquus capitis inferior
which muscle is affected by pain and trouble straightening back up after bending forward?
iliocostalis lumborum
