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Anatomy Bootcamp > Anterior Forearm > Flashcards

Anterior Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

what demarcates the posteromedial boundary separating the flexor-pronator (anterior) and extensor-pronator (posterior) compartments?

A

posterior border of ulna

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2
Q

where can pulsations of the radial artery be palpated?

A

superficial to the cubital fossa

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3
Q

where does the anterolateral boundary lie?

A

cubital fossa, anterior to radial styloid

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4
Q

how far distal is the radial styloid process from the ulnar styloid process?

A

1cm

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5
Q

what does not participate in the wrist (radoiocarpal) joint?

A

ulna

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6
Q

what is the most common fracture of the forearm?

A

colles fracture (complete transverse fracture of distal 2cm of radius)

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7
Q

how does Colles fracture manifest?

A

forced dorsiflection of the hand

dinner fork deformity

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8
Q

what happens to the radial styloid process during a Colles fracture?

A

it projects proximal to the ulnar styloid process (since the radius is shortened)

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9
Q

flexors are what?

A

anterior - median nerve

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10
Q

extensors are what?

A

posterior - radial nerve

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11
Q

what is the antebrachial fascia that goes posteriorly?

A

extensor retinaculum

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12
Q

what is the antebrachial fascia that goes anteriorly?

A

palmar carpal ligament

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13
Q

what is the antebrachial fascia inferior to the palmar carpal ligament?

A

flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

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14
Q

what antebrachial fascia helps make the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

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15
Q

what passes through the carpal tunnel?

A
  • median nerve

- flexor tendons

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16
Q

what is the deep fascia beyond the extensor retinaculum and flexor retinaculum?

A

palmar fascia

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17
Q

what is the thick, triangular, tendinous central part of the palmar fascia that overlies the central part of the palm?

A

palmar aponeurosis

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18
Q

what is the apex of the palmar aponeurosis?

A

palmaris longus

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19
Q

anterior compartment innervation

A
  • median nerve

- ulnar nerve (1 and a half anterior forearm muscles)

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20
Q

posterior compartment innervation

A

deep radial nerve

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21
Q

superficial flexor-pronator muscles

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
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22
Q

superior flexor-pronator muscle attachment

A

common flexor tendon to medial epicondyle

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23
Q

intermediate flexor-pronator muscle

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis

- humeral head

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24
Q

deep flexor-pronator muscles

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
25
Q

what does the lateral border of the pronator teres form?

A

medial boundary of cubital fossa

26
Q

compression of the median nerve with pain and tenderness in proximal aspect of the anterior forearm

A

pronator syndrome

27
Q

flexor carpi radialis action

A
  • flexion (with flexor carpi ulnaris)
  • abduction of wrist (with extensor carpi radials longus/brevis)
  • flexion/abduction combo when alone (anterolateral)
28
Q

what is a good guide to the radial artery?

A

flexor carpi radialis

29
Q

what does the FCR pass through?

A

-lateral part of flexor retinaculum
-vertical groove in trapezium
(has own synovial tendinous sheath of FCR)

30
Q

which forearm muscle is sometimes absent?

A

palmaris longus

31
Q

what is a good guide to the median nerve?

A

palmaris longus

32
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris action

A
  • flexes wrist with FCR

- ADducts with ECR

33
Q

where does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm?

A

between humeral and ulnar heads

34
Q

which muscle is fully innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

FCU

35
Q

what syndrome compresses the ulnar nerve?

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

36
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis attachement

A

common flexor origin

37
Q

what is the largest superficial muscle in the forearm?

A

FDS

38
Q

FDS innervation

A
  • median nerve

- ulnar nerve

39
Q

what encloses the FDS and FDP tendons in the carpal tunnel?

A

synovial common flexor sheath

40
Q

FDS action

A
  • flexes middle phalanges of medial 4 fingers at PIPs

- flexes proximal phalanges at MCP joints and wrist joint

41
Q

which is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

42
Q

which muscle can flex DIP, PIP, MCP, and wrist joint?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

43
Q

which tendon is flat and passes deep to the flexor retinaculum on the lateral side of the common flexor sheath?

A

flexor pollicis

44
Q

which is the only muscle that flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb?

A

flexor pollicis

45
Q

which muscle flexes the proximal phalanx at the MCP joint and 1st metacarpal at the carpometacarpal joint?

A

flexor pollicis

46
Q

which is the deepest muscle in the anterior forearm?

A

pronator quadratus

47
Q

pronator quadratura action

A

pronation (with pronator teres)

48
Q

main forearm arteries

A

radial and ulnar arteries

49
Q

branches of which arteries participate in the periarticular anastomosis of the elbow?

A

branches of the ulnar artery

50
Q

what supplies the muscles of the medial and central forearm and common flexor sheath?

A

branches of ulnar artery

51
Q

what do anterior ulnar recurrent arteries anastomose with?

A

inferior ulnar collateral arteries

52
Q

what do posterior ulnar recurrent arteries anastomose with?

A

superior ulnar collateral arteries

53
Q

what does the radial recurrent artery anastamose with?

A

radial collateral artery (branch of the deep artery of the arm)

54
Q

in 3% of people, what does the ulnar artery do?

A

descends superficial to the flexor muscles

need to be careful drawing blood and inserting drugs

55
Q

fractured medial epicondyle and other ulnar nerve injuries cause what?

A
  • difficulty making a fist
  • no extension of interphalangeal joints
  • atrophy of interosseous muscles
  • numbness and paresthesia middle part of palm and medial one and a half fingers

“claw hand”

56
Q

what kind of innervation does radial nerve serve?

A
  • motor and sensory in arm and forearm

- ONLY sensory in hand

57
Q

2 branches of forearm radial nerve

A
  • sensory/cutaneous = superficial branch

- motor = deep radial/posterior interossesous nerve branch

58
Q

humeral shaft fracture

A

radial nerve

-wrist drop

Anatomy Bootcamp (17 decks)

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