PBL 6: Voices Flashcards
What is olanzapine?
Atypical antipsychotic
What are 3 categories of symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive
Negative
Cognitive
What are positive symptoms?
Things not normally experienced: Delusions Hallucinations Thought disorder Catatonia Agitation
What are negative symptoms?
Exaggeration of normal experiences: Apathy Emotional blunting Introversion Low self-esteem
What are cognitive symptoms?
Poor learning + memory
Attention deficits
Altered decision making
What are the classifications of schizophrenia?
Paranoid Disorganised Catatonic Undifferentiated Residual
What types of schizophrenia are there?
Positive
Negative
How to diagnose schizophrenia?
Symptoms must show over a month w/o underlying cause
Brain imaging techniques
Clinical assessment with psychologist using ICD-10 scale
What is cause of schizophrenia
disruption of dopaminergic systems due to decreased synaptic spines and decreased dendritic complexity
What are environmental causes of schizophrenia?
Drug abuse
Gestation events
Childhood trauma
Isolation
What genes are important in schizophrenia for cause?
COMT
DISC1
Dysbindin
BDNF
How do typical antipsychotics work?
Block dopamine receptors but also muscarinic cholinergic histamine H1 and A2 adrenergic receptors
What side effects do typical antipsychotics give?
Extrapyramidal symptoms
What do typical antipsychotics include?
Chlorpromazine Haloperidol Flupentixol Thiorizadine Fluphenazine
What do atypical antipsychotics do?
Act as antagonists at D2 receptors and also at 5HT2 receptors
Give examples of atypical antipsychotics
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Clozapine
Aripiprazole
What is associated side effects with atypicals?
weight gain diabetes insulin resistance dyslipidaemia CV disease less tardive dyskinesia CLOZAPINE CAUSES AGRANULOCYTOSIS
What are side effects of typicals?
dry mouth muscle stiffness tremors weight gain EPS QT interval prolongation Sudden death Hyper prolactinaemia
How do you treat extrapyramidal (cluster of motor symptoms) symptoms?
Give anticholinergics (ACh antagonists
Give examples of extrapyramidal symptoms
Dystonia
Akathisia
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Incurable irregular, jerky movements such as grimacing and rapid eye blinking
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Infrequent but potentially dangerous unwanted effect caused by reactions to drugs
What particular drug could cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Haloperidol
What is thought to cause excitotoxicity in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
BLockage of D2 receptors
Symptoms in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Hyperthermia Muscle rigidity Autonomic instability Renal failure PE Delirium
What non-pharmalogical treatment of schizophrenia?
Psychological treatment
Social therapy treatment
Music therapy
WHat pathways in dopaminergic systems play a part in schizophrenia?
Mesolimbic pathway
Mesocortical pathway
