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Brain and behaviour 2 > PBL 6: Voices > Flashcards

PBL 6: Voices Flashcards

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1
Q

What is olanzapine?

A

Atypical antipsychotic

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2
Q

What are 3 categories of symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Positive
Negative
Cognitive

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3
Q

What are positive symptoms?

A 
Things not normally experienced:
Delusions
Hallucinations
Thought disorder
Catatonia
Agitation
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4
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A 
Exaggeration of normal experiences:
Apathy
Emotional blunting
Introversion
Low self-esteem
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5
Q

What are cognitive symptoms?

A

Poor learning + memory
Attention deficits
Altered decision making

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6
Q

What are the classifications of schizophrenia?

A 
Paranoid
Disorganised
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
Residual
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7
Q

What types of schizophrenia are there?

A

Positive

Negative

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8
Q

How to diagnose schizophrenia?

A

Symptoms must show over a month w/o underlying cause
Brain imaging techniques
Clinical assessment with psychologist using ICD-10 scale

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9
Q

What is cause of schizophrenia

A

disruption of dopaminergic systems due to decreased synaptic spines and decreased dendritic complexity

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10
Q

What are environmental causes of schizophrenia?

A

Drug abuse
Gestation events
Childhood trauma
Isolation

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11
Q

What genes are important in schizophrenia for cause?

A

COMT
DISC1
Dysbindin
BDNF

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12
Q

How do typical antipsychotics work?

A

Block dopamine receptors but also muscarinic cholinergic histamine H1 and A2 adrenergic receptors

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13
Q

What side effects do typical antipsychotics give?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms

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14
Q

What do typical antipsychotics include?

A 
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Flupentixol
Thiorizadine
Fluphenazine
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15
Q

What do atypical antipsychotics do?

A

Act as antagonists at D2 receptors and also at 5HT2 receptors

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16
Q

Give examples of atypical antipsychotics

A

Olanzapine
Risperidone
Clozapine
Aripiprazole

17
Q

What is associated side effects with atypicals?

A 
weight gain
diabetes
insulin resistance
dyslipidaemia
CV disease
less tardive dyskinesia
CLOZAPINE CAUSES AGRANULOCYTOSIS
18
Q

What are side effects of typicals?

A 
dry mouth
muscle stiffness
tremors
weight gain
EPS
QT interval prolongation
Sudden death
Hyper prolactinaemia
19
Q

How do you treat extrapyramidal (cluster of motor symptoms) symptoms?

A

Give anticholinergics (ACh antagonists

20
Q

Give examples of extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Dystonia
Akathisia
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia

21
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Incurable irregular, jerky movements such as grimacing and rapid eye blinking

22
Q

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Infrequent but potentially dangerous unwanted effect caused by reactions to drugs

23
Q

What particular drug could cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Haloperidol

24
Q

What is thought to cause excitotoxicity in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

BLockage of D2 receptors

25
Q

Symptoms in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A 
Hyperthermia
Muscle rigidity
Autonomic instability
Renal failure
PE
Delirium
26
Q

What non-pharmalogical treatment of schizophrenia?

A

Psychological treatment
Social therapy treatment
Music therapy

27
Q

WHat pathways in dopaminergic systems play a part in schizophrenia?

A

Mesolimbic pathway

Mesocortical pathway

Brain and behaviour 2 (27 decks)

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