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Brain and behaviour 2 > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

Emotion, memory and learning

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2
Q

Where is the limbic system found medial to?

A

Aspects of frontal, pariental and temporal lobes

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3
Q

What is limbic system made of?

A

Orbito-frontal cortex and cingulate cortex

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4
Q

The parahippocampal cortex is which part of the limbic cortex?

A

3rd

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5
Q

What mainly supplies the limbic system?

A

Anterior cerebral artery which supplies medial structures

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6
Q

What also supplies limbic system?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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7
Q

What is activated during pain and depression?

A

Anterior cingulate gyrus

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8
Q

What is anterior cingulate cortex split into?

A

Caudal and rostral parts

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9
Q

What does caudal anterior cingulate do?

A

Registers quality of pain (how bad it is)

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10
Q

What proves the function of caudal anterior cingulate?

A

Cingulotomy

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11
Q

What is a cingulotomy?

A

Involves cutting cingulate gyrus to disrupt fibres which reduces emotional distress of pain

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12
Q

What does rostral anterior cingulate do?

A

Decides upon action in response to the pain

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13
Q

What does rostral anterior cingulate merge into?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

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14
Q

What may people do if they cannot decide what action to take?

A

Freeze

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15
Q

What disorder may excessive activity in rostral anterior cingulate cause?

A

OCD

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16
Q

What happens in loss of function of posterior cingulate gyrus?

A

Correlates with disorientation seen in Alzheimers patients

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17
Q

Where are parahippocampal gyrus located?

A

Medial and inferior in the temporal lobe

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18
Q

What do parahippocamapl gyrus involved in?

A

Learning and memory

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19
Q

What are the parahippocampal gyrus closely related to?

A

subcortical regions of the limbic system; hippocampus and amygdala

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20
Q

What does hippocampus do?

A

Registers place and time information to help form new memories

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21
Q

What does loss of hippocampus do?

A

Failure to create experiences into memories

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22
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Loss of ability to store new experiences

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23
Q

Where does hippocampus lie?

A

Medial wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

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24
Q

What do the hippocampus’ outfit fibres form?

A

Fornix

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25
Q

What route does the fornic take?

A

Curves upwards and over the top of the 3rd ventricle

26
Q

Where do hippocampus fibres lie?

A

Under midline of corpus callosum, ending in the mammillary body of the hypothalamus

27
Q

What are the fornices attached to?

A

Septum pellucidum

28
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

Thin sheet separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles

29
Q

Where does the septum pellucidum attach between?

A

Fornix and corpus callosum

30
Q

What are at the anterior pole of the hypothalamus?

A

Septal nuclei

31
Q

In the Papez circuit, information goes from cingulate cortex to where?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

32
Q

Info from parahippocampal gyrus goes where in papez circuit?

A

hippocampus

33
Q

Info from hippocampus travels where in papez circuit

A

Along the fornix to mammillary bodies of hypothalamus

34
Q

Info from hypothalamus goes where in papez circuit?

A

Anterior thalamus

35
Q

Where does info from anterior thalamus go in papez circuit?

A

Cingulate cortex

36
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Thiamine (B1 vitamin) deficiency

37
Q

Where is thiamine deficiency mostly seen in?

A

Alcoholics

38
Q

What does thiamine deficiency lead to?

A

Atrophy of mammillary body, hippocampus and fornix

39
Q

Symptoms of wernicke-korsakoff syndrome?

A 
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia
Confabulation
Opthalmoplegia
Confusion
Ataxia
40
Q

What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A

When subjects lose all sense of fear

41
Q

What are the categories in Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A 
Psychic blindness
Oral tendencies
Hypermetamorphism
Altered sexual behaviour
Emotional changes
42
Q

Why does Kluver-Bucy syndrome occur?

A

Bilateral removal of the temporal lobe tips (amygdala)

43
Q

Where is the amygdala located?

A

Enterhinal (olfactory) cortex in Anterior-medial temporal lobe

44
Q

What does stimulation of amygdala do?

A

Produces panic
fear
terror responses

45
Q

What does amygdala activate?

A

Fight or flight response of sympathetic NS

46
Q

What compliments the amygdala?

A

Hippocampus

47
Q

What does septal nuclei connect with?

A

Reticular formation

48
Q

What mechanism is the septal nuclei?

A

Sensory mechanism

49
Q

Where does reticular formation forward signals to?

A

Ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens)

50
Q

How are reticulospinal tracts activated?

A

Signals is sent from RF from hypothalamus

51
Q

Where does septal nucleus lie?

A

Bottom of septum pallucidum

52
Q

What do the septal nucleus merge to form?

A

Basal nucleus

53
Q

Accumbens nucleus and septal nucleus form the what?

A

Ventral striatum

54
Q

What fibres does the accumbens nucleus receive?

A

Dopaminergic fibres

55
Q

What pathway is accumbens nucleus part of?

A

Mesolimbic

56
Q

What is mesolimbic pathway?

A

Set of dopamine neurones that project from the brainstem to the accumbens nucleus

57
Q

What is the ventral striatum involved in?

A

Initiation of termination of behaviours that trigger reward pathways e.g. chewing food

58
Q

What sends axons down brainstem to activate dopaminergic neurones

A

Septal nuclei

59
Q

What forms dorsal striatum

A

caudate and putamen

60
Q

What does dorsal striatum do?

A

Decide what actions to take next based on frontal lobe plans

61
Q

What does ventral striatum do?

A

Decide what actions to take place based on reward systems or impending threats

62
Q

What does hypothalamus do?

A

Command signals can be sent down axons to nuclei via the brainstem reticular formation

Brain and behaviour 2 (27 decks)

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