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Brain and behaviour 2 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the cerebellum found?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

What is the midline of the cerebellum called?

A

Vermis

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3
Q

What is the vermis divided into?

A

Anterior and posterior obe

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4
Q

Which lobe of the vermis is larger?

A

Posterior

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5
Q

Is the posterior lobe superior or inferior to the anterior lobe?

A

More inferior

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6
Q

What is the sulcus called between anterior and posterior lobe?

A

Primary fissure

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7
Q

What is the 3rd, smaller lobe called in the cerebellum?

A

Flocculonodular node

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8
Q

What is the flocculonodular node contain and responsible for?

A

Flocculus

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

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9
Q

What are inferior on the cerebellum?

A

cerebellar tonsils

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10
Q

If ICP raises, what happens to the cerebellar tonsils?

A

They herniate trhrough foramen magnum

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11
Q

What happens if cerebellum tonsils hernaite?

A

Compress upper spinal cord blood vessels and tracts

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12
Q

What is separate to the vermis?

A

Nodulus lobe

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13
Q

What does nodulus lobe do?

A

Helps form part of 4th ventricle

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14
Q

What mainly supples blood to cerebellum?

A

Posterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries

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15
Q

What else supplies blood to cerebellum?

A

Branches of basilar artery

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16
Q

Which is the most common site of an infarct in posterior circulation

A

PICA

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17
Q

How many layers are there to the cerebellum?

A

3 layers

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18
Q

Describe the outer layer of the cerebellum

A

Pale with mostly axons and only a few cells

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19
Q

What does the middle layer have?

A

purkinje cells

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20
Q

What does the inner layer have

A

Granular layer with cell bodies

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21
Q

Where do all inputs and outputs to the cerebellum go through?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

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22
Q

What does the superior peduncle contain?

A

output fibres only

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23
Q

What does the middle peduncle contain?

A

Input fibres from contralateral cortex and cranial nerves via the pons

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24
Q

What does the inferior peduncle contain?

A

Input fibres from spinal cord via the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts

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25
Q

Where are all inputs and outputs routed through to get to the rest of the brain?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei which lies in white matter

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26
Q

From medial to lateral, what are the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Fastigial, Globose, Emboliform and Dentate (FGED)

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27
Q

Which nuclei does the vermis connect to?

A

Fastigial

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28
Q

Which nuclei does the anterior lobe of the cerebellum connect to?

A

Interposed nuclei (globose + emboliform)

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29
Q

The hemispheres connect to which nuclei?

A

Dentate nuclei

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30
Q

Where does spinocerebellar tract originate?

A

Spinal cord

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31
Q

Where does spinocerebellar tract terminate?

A

Ipsilateral cerebellum

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32
Q

What does the spinocerebellar tract convey information about?

A

Length and tension of muscle fibres

33
Q

What does spinocerebellar tract control?

A

Unconscious proprioceptive sensation

34
Q

Is the dorsal tract ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

Wholly ipsilateral

35
Q

Where does dorsal tract pass up?

A

Passes up brain stem

36
Q

How does dorsal tract enter cerebellum?

A

Via inferior cerebellar peduncle

37
Q

What does dorsal tract do?

A

Carry information from proprioceptors

38
Q

Is ventral tract contralateral or ipsilateral?

A

Contralateral but recrosses brainstem to become ipsilateral

39
Q

What does ventral tract do?

A

Carries information about state of reflexes and interneurones in the spinal cord

40
Q

What are the 3 function zones in the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum

41
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Help motor cortex produce accurate and smooth movements

42
Q

How does cerebellum do its function?

A

Modulating and refining motor cortex commands using feedback from proprioceptors and other sensory organs

43
Q

What does cerebellar damage cause?

A

Overall clumsiness
abnormal fatigue
Instability of movement
Extraocular eye muscles are affected

44
Q

What does cerebellar white matter have the property of?

A

neuronal plasticity

45
Q

Damage to what causes persistance of disability

A

deep nuclei

46
Q

What does the vestibulocerebellum operate via

A

flocculonodular lobe

47
Q

What is connected to the vestibulocerebellum?

A

Vestibular nuclei

48
Q

What does vestibullocerebellum do?

A

coordinates head and eye movements to ensure gaze stability

49
Q

What does vestibulospinal tract do?

A

controls balance of head on body

50
Q

What does lateral vestibular tract do?

A

Controls balance of whole body

51
Q

Where is information sent from to the vestibular nuclei?

A

Medulla/ pons

52
Q

Motor commands to neck and eye muscles are sent via what?

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Medial vestibulospinal tract

53
Q

Motor commands to the legs go via?

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract

54
Q

Motor programs for tasks are stored where?

A

cortex of the flocculo-nodular lobe

55
Q

What is the spinocerebellum comprised of?

A

anterior lobe and vermis

56
Q

What does verims connects to

A

fastigial nucleus

57
Q

What is the anterior lobe connected to?

A

interposed nuclei

58
Q

What does the spinocerebellum control?

A

locomotion and limb coordination

59
Q

What does the spinocerebellum send motor commands down?

A

lateral vestibulospinal

reticulospinal tracts

60
Q

What is the cerebrocerebellum comprised of?

A

posterior lobe (cerebral hemispheres)

61
Q

What is the cerebral hemispheres connected to?

A

dentate nucleus

62
Q

What does the cerebrocerebellum do?

A

coordinates movement initiated by motor cortex

(speech, voluntary movements of hands/arms and hand eye coordination

63
Q

What are the 3 major cerebellar syndromes?

A

Flocculonodular
Anterior lobe
Neocerebellar

64
Q

What characterises flocculonodular syndrome?

A

Poor balance and disordered eye movements

65
Q

What is a common cause of flocculonodular syndrome?

A

Medulloblastoma

66
Q

Where does a medulloblastoma usually ordinate?

A

Wall of 4th ventricle

67
Q

What is medulloblastoma a form of?

A

cranial primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET)

68
Q

What is the anterior lobe correlated with?

A

Damage to spinocerebellum

69
Q

What is anterior lobe syndrome characterised by?

A

Incoordination of the limbs

70
Q

Where is the anterior lobe syndrome usually seen in?

A

Alcoholics due to lack of B vitamins

71
Q

What is the neocerebellum?

A

Cerebella hemispheres + dentate nuclei

72
Q

What is neocerebellar syndrome symptoms?

A

Loss of hand-eye coordination

Loss of good speech due to loss of coordination of muscles involved

73
Q

What is dysmetria?

A

Inaccurate reaching with an intention tremour

74
Q

Causes of neocerebellar syndrome?

A

Loss of cognitive eye movement
Stroke
Tumour
Trauma

75
Q

What does cerebellar stroke usually involve?

A

Whole cerebellar cortex on one side

76
Q

What are signs of cerebellar stroke?

A 
Headache
Nausea/vomiting
Eye changes (one eye + vertigo)
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Ataxia
Arm weakness + coordination
77
Q

What mimics cerebellar stroke

A

Alcohol intoxications

78
Q

Why does alcohol mimic cerebellar stroke?

A

Cerebellum has many GABA-ergic interneurones sensitive to alcohol

Brain and behaviour 2 (27 decks)

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