Patterns of neurological dysfunction

Question 1

Is muscle tone increased or decreased in UMN lesions?

Answer 1

Increased

Question 2

Is muscle tone increased or decreased in LMN lesions?

Answer 2

Normal or decreased

Question 3

Are superficial reflexes fast or slow in UMN lesions?

Answer 3

Fast

Question 4

What is meant by a corticospinal pattern of weakness?

Answer 4

Weak extensors in the arm and weak flexors in the leg.

Question 5

Describe the tendon reflexes in disease of muscle

Answer 5

Decreased or absent

Question 6

Describe the tendon reflexes in disease of the neuromuscular junction

Answer 6

Normal

Question 7

What type of stroke?
No visual field defect
No new higher cortical or brainstem dysfunction
Pure motor hemiparesis, or pure sensory deficit of one side of the body, or sensorimotor hemiparesis or ataxic hemiparesis (dysarthric clumsy hand syndrome or ipsilateral ataxia with crural hemiparesis)
At least 2 of the 3 areas (face, arm, leg) should be involved in its entity

Answer 7

Lacunar stroke

Question 8

Which type of stroke? (Any one of)
Cranial nerve palsy
Unilateral or bilateral motor or sensory deficit
Disorder of conjugate eye movements
Cerebellar dysfunction
Homonymous hemianopia
Cortical blindness

Answer 8

Posterior circulation stroke

Question 9

Which type of stroke? Hemiplegia and homonymous hemianopia contralateral to the lesion, and
Either aphasia or visuospatial disturbances
+/- sensory deficit contralateral to the lesion

Answer 9

Total anterior circulation

Question 10

Which type of stroke?
One or more of unilateral motor or sensory deficit, aphasia or visuospatial neglect (with or without homonymous hemianopia)
Motor or sensory deficit may be less extensive than in lacunar syndromes

Answer 10

Partial anterior circulation