Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Multiple Sclerosis > Flashcards

Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cells mediate the immune reaction in MS?

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes the relapsing and remitting symptoms seen in MS?

A

The axons demyelinate but then the myeline sheath grows back incompletely and can demyelinate again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes the progressive symptoms seen in MS?

A

Prolonged demyelination causes axonal loss over time, which leads to deterioration in function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of some of the symptoms seen in MS?

A 
Optic neuritis
Pyramidal dysfunction
Sensory symptoms
Lowere urinary tract dysfunction
Cerebellar & brain stem features
Cognitive impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical features of pyramidal dysfunction?

A

Increases muscle tone
Spasticity
Weakness
(Look in the extensors of upper limbs and the flexors of lower limbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is optic neuritis?

A

Painful visual loss that lasts for 1 - 2 weeks.

RAPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sensory symptoms are seen in MS?

A 
Pain
Paraesthesia
Dorsal column loss (loss of proprioception and vibration)
Numbness
Trigeminal neuralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?

A 
Ataxia
Intention tremor
Nystagmus
Past pointing
Pendular reflexes
Dysdiadokinesis
Dysarthria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is dysdiadokinesis?

A

Inability to perform rapid, alternating movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Difficulty speaking caused by a problem in the motor muscles of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a pendular reflex?

A

Muscle will osscilate after being tapped with a tendon hammen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What nerve has been damaged if the patient has double vision?

A

Abducens (CNVI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve has been damaged if their is facial weakness?

A

Facial (CNVII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What two drug treatments are used to treat fatigue seen in MS

A

Amantadine

Modanafil (If sleepy during the day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three diagnostic criteria that must be reached for a diagnosis of MS to be made?

A
  1. At least 2 episodes suggestive of demyelination
  2. Dissemination in time of lesions
  3. Dissemination in location of lesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four types of MS?

A
  1. Relapsing remitting
  2. Primary progressive
  3. Secondary progressive
  4. Progressive relapsing
17
Q

If a patient who has had relapsing remitting MS for 13 years now complains of a constant numbness in their legs and finds daily living more difficult. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Secondary progressive MS

18
Q

What drug treatment would you use for a patient having a moderate acute exacerbation of their MS?

A

Oral steroids

19
Q

What oral medications help with the spasticity associated with MS?

A

Baclofen

Tizanidine

20
Q

What IM injection is used in the treatment of spasticity in MS?

A

Intra muscular botulinum toxin

21
Q

What are the first line disease modifying drugs used in MS?

A

Interferon beta
Glitramer Acetate (Copaxone)
Tecfedira

22
Q

What are the second line disease modifying drugs used in MS?

A

Tysabri

Fingolimod

23
Q

What are the third line disease modifying drugs used in MS?

A

Mitoxantrone

24
Q

How are interferon beta and copaxone given?

A

SC or IM

25
Q

What is the first line drug in relapsing remitting MS?

A

Tecfidera

26
Q

What drug therapies are given to patients with highly active rapidly evolving relapsing remitting MS?

A

Tysabri and Fingolimod

27
Q

What drug therapies are given to patients who have high MS disease activity despite treatment with interferon?

A

Tysabri and Finglimod

28
Q

What rare viral disease is associated with tysabri use?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (inflammation of the white matter of the brain at several distinct points) - caused by the JC virus

29
Q

How is Fingolimod given?

A

Orally

30
Q

How is mitoxantrone given?

A

As 12 infusions over 2 years

31
Q

What dose related side effect is seen with mitoxantrone?

A

Cardiac toxicity

32
Q

What particular glial cells are affected in MS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

33
Q

Does MS affect the CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

34
Q

What symptoms do you get if there is internucleur opthalmoplegia?

A

Slowed/absent adduction in one eye and compensatory nystagmus in the other

35
Q

On asking a patient to look to the left you notice that the right eye doesn’t appear to move and that there is nystagmus in the patients left eye. What is this called and what structure is damaged?

A

Damage to the right medial longitudinal fasiculus.

Internuclear opthalmoplegia.

Neurology (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions