Neuroanatomy - Cells of the nervous system

Question 1

What major embryonic division goes on to form the Cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 1

Telencephalon

Question 2

What major embryonic division goes on to form the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Answer 2

Diencephalon

Question 3

What major embryonic division goes on to form the midbrain?

Answer 3

Mesencephalon

Question 4

What major embryonic division goes on to form the pons and cerebellum?

Answer 4

Metencephalon

Question 5

What major embryonic division goes on to form the medulla oblongata?

Answer 5

Myelencephalon

Question 6

Which embryonic division is the most anterior?

Answer 6

Telencephalon

Question 7

What three components make up the brainstem?

Answer 7

Medulla Pons Midbrain

Question 8

How many axons does each neurone have?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

Are there more neurones or glial cells in the CNS?

Answer 9

Glial cells

Question 10

What type of glial cells are star shaped, maintain the blood brain barrier and regulate homeostasis?

Answer 10

Astrocytes

Question 11

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 11

Produce myelin in the CNS

Question 12

What type of glial cells are involved in immune monitoring and antigen presentation?

Answer 12

Microglia

Question 13

What is the difference between inactive and active microglia?

Answer 13

Resting state: Elongated nucleus and short spiny cell processes. Activated (eg by bacterial infection) they become rounder and look almost identical to a normal macrophage

Question 14

Where would you find ependymal glial cells?

Answer 14

Lining the ventricles (Cilliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium)

Question 15

Which is the first prominent sulcus to develop in the brain?

Answer 15

Central sulcus

Question 16

What kind of matter makes up the thalamus?

Answer 16

Deep grey matter

Question 17

Is there cell bodies in the white matter?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What is in the grey matter?

Answer 18

Neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells

Question 19

What is in the white matter?

Answer 19

Axons (usually myelinated) and support cells

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

What is the fornix?

Answer 25

A white matter tract that connect two parts of the brain (hippocampus and hypothalamus) and is important for memory function

Question 26

What sulcus marks the posterior border of the frontal lobe?

Answer 26

Central sulcus

Question 27

List the three layers of meniges (from superfical to deep)

Answer 27

Dura

Arachnoid

(subarachnoid space)

Pia

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Through what foramen do the dural venous sinuses drain into the internal jugular vein?

Answer 30

Jugular foramen

Question 33

What order neurone is peripheral sensory neurone (eg mechanorecpetor) which, if stimulated above a certain threshold, sends an electrical impulse into the CNS?

Answer 33

First order neurone

Question 34

What order neurone is responsible from carrying information from teh CNS to the thalamus?

Answer 34

Second order neurones

Question 35

Information from what order neurones crosses the CNS?

Answer 35

Second order

Question 36

What order neurones carries information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 36

Third order

Question 37

What type of motor neurone is cortico-spinal?

Answer 37

Upper motor neurone

Question 38

What type of motor neurone is the cell body in the spinal cord with an axon which projects out to control muscles?

Answer 38

Lower motor neurone

Question 39

What do you call the gaps in the myelin sheath of an axon?

Answer 39

Nodes of ranvier