Neuroanatomy - Cells of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What major embryonic division goes on to form the Cerebral hemispheres?

A

Telencephalon

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2
Q

What major embryonic division goes on to form the thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

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3
Q

What major embryonic division goes on to form the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

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4
Q

What major embryonic division goes on to form the pons and cerebellum?

A

Metencephalon

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5
Q

What major embryonic division goes on to form the medulla oblongata?

A

Myelencephalon

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6
Q

Which embryonic division is the most anterior?

A

Telencephalon

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7
Q

What three components make up the brainstem?

A

Medulla Pons Midbrain

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8
Q

How many axons does each neurone have?

A

1

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9
Q

Are there more neurones or glial cells in the CNS?

A

Glial cells

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10
Q

What type of glial cells are star shaped, maintain the blood brain barrier and regulate homeostasis?

A

Astrocytes

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11
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Produce myelin in the CNS

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12
Q

What type of glial cells are involved in immune monitoring and antigen presentation?

A

Microglia

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13
Q

What is the difference between inactive and active microglia?

A

Resting state: Elongated nucleus and short spiny cell processes. Activated (eg by bacterial infection) they become rounder and look almost identical to a normal macrophage

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14
Q

Where would you find ependymal glial cells?

A

Lining the ventricles (Cilliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium)

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15
Q

Which is the first prominent sulcus to develop in the brain?

A

Central sulcus

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16
Q

What kind of matter makes up the thalamus?

A

Deep grey matter

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17
Q

Is there cell bodies in the white matter?

18
Q

What is in the grey matter?

A

Neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells

19
Q

What is in the white matter?

A

Axons (usually myelinated) and support cells

25
What is the fornix?
A white matter tract that connect two parts of the brain (hippocampus and hypothalamus) and is important for memory function
26
What sulcus marks the posterior border of the frontal lobe?
Central sulcus
27
List the three layers of meniges (from superfical to deep)
Dura Arachnoid (subarachnoid space) Pia
28
29
30
Through what foramen do the dural venous sinuses drain into the internal jugular vein?
Jugular foramen
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33
What order neurone is peripheral sensory neurone (eg mechanorecpetor) which, if stimulated above a certain threshold, sends an electrical impulse into the CNS?
First order neurone
34
What order neurone is responsible from carrying information from teh CNS to the thalamus?
Second order neurones
35
Information from what order neurones crosses the CNS?
Second order
36
What order neurones carries information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?
Third order
37
What type of motor neurone is cortico-spinal?
Upper motor neurone
38
What type of motor neurone is the cell body in the spinal cord with an axon which projects out to control muscles?
Lower motor neurone
39
What do you call the gaps in the myelin sheath of an axon?
Nodes of ranvier
40