Neuroanatomy - Cells of the nervous system Flashcards
What major embryonic division goes on to form the Cerebral hemispheres?
Telencephalon
What major embryonic division goes on to form the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Diencephalon
What major embryonic division goes on to form the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What major embryonic division goes on to form the pons and cerebellum?
Metencephalon
What major embryonic division goes on to form the medulla oblongata?
Myelencephalon
Which embryonic division is the most anterior?
Telencephalon
What three components make up the brainstem?
Medulla Pons Midbrain
How many axons does each neurone have?
1
Are there more neurones or glial cells in the CNS?
Glial cells
What type of glial cells are star shaped, maintain the blood brain barrier and regulate homeostasis?
Astrocytes
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Produce myelin in the CNS
What type of glial cells are involved in immune monitoring and antigen presentation?
Microglia
What is the difference between inactive and active microglia?
Resting state: Elongated nucleus and short spiny cell processes. Activated (eg by bacterial infection) they become rounder and look almost identical to a normal macrophage
Where would you find ependymal glial cells?
Lining the ventricles (Cilliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium)
Which is the first prominent sulcus to develop in the brain?
Central sulcus
What kind of matter makes up the thalamus?
Deep grey matter
Is there cell bodies in the white matter?
No
What is in the grey matter?
Neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells
What is in the white matter?
Axons (usually myelinated) and support cells
What is the fornix?
A white matter tract that connect two parts of the brain (hippocampus and hypothalamus) and is important for memory function
What sulcus marks the posterior border of the frontal lobe?
Central sulcus
List the three layers of meniges (from superfical to deep)
Dura
Arachnoid
(subarachnoid space)
Pia
Through what foramen do the dural venous sinuses drain into the internal jugular vein?
Jugular foramen
What order neurone is peripheral sensory neurone (eg mechanorecpetor) which, if stimulated above a certain threshold, sends an electrical impulse into the CNS?
First order neurone
What order neurone is responsible from carrying information from teh CNS to the thalamus?
Second order neurones
Information from what order neurones crosses the CNS?
Second order
What order neurones carries information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?
Third order
What type of motor neurone is cortico-spinal?
Upper motor neurone
What type of motor neurone is the cell body in the spinal cord with an axon which projects out to control muscles?
Lower motor neurone
What do you call the gaps in the myelin sheath of an axon?
Nodes of ranvier
