Anatomy of Space Occupying lesions Flashcards
What is the pterion?
An H shaped suture in the skull where the frontal, parietal and sphenoid bones join together. It is the thinnest part of the skull.
What is the thinnest part of the skull?
Pterion
What artery courses over the deep aspect of the pterion?
The middle meningal arteries
What is the name of the tough sheet of dura mater that tents over the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
What is the name of the tough sheet of dura mater which forms a roof over the pituitary fossa?
Diaphragm sellae
What is the dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres called?
Falx cerebri
At what bony feature does the confluence of the sinuses occur at?
The internal occipital protruberance
What course do the vertebral arteries take into the brain?
Branch off the subclavian vein and pass through the transverse foraminae of the spine to go through the foramen magnum and enter the cranial cavity.
What artery supplies the medial aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere?
Right anterior cerebral artery
What artery supplies the medial aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere?
Left anterior cerebral artery
What artery supplies the lateral aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere?
left middle cerebral artery
What artery supplies the posterior aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere including the visual cortex?
Right posterior cerebral artery
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexus of the ventricles
What reabsorbs the CSF into the dural venous sinuses?
Arachnoid granulations
Where in the spine do you perform a lumbar puncture?
L3/L4 or L4/5 intervertebral disc levels
Where does the subarachnoid space end inferiorly?
S2
What connects the third and fourth ventricles in the midline?
The cerebral aqueduct
What ventricle lies between the cerebellum and the pons?
Fourth ventricle
What ventricle is the central canal of the spinal cord a continuation of?
Fourth
what ventricle lies within the right cerebral hemisphere?
Right lateral ventricel
What ventricle lies in the midline within the diencephalon?
The 3rd ventricle
What ventricle lies within the left cerebral hemisphere?
Left lateral ventricle
What do the foramina of monro connect?
The lateral ventricle into the third ventricle
Briefly describe the flow of CSF?
- Secreted by the choroid plexus
- Into the right and left lateral ventricle
- Through the foraminae of monro into the 3rd ventricel
- Via the cerebral aqueduct into the 4th ventricle
- Reabsorbed into the subarachnoid space and then into the dural venous sinuses OR some passes into the central canal of the spinal cord
What is hydrocephalus?
Increased CSF volume
Can be due to excessive production, obstruction to flow or inadequate reabsorption
What is the treatment for hydrocephalus?
Ventricular peritoneal shunt catheter
Where is an extradural haemorrhage?
Between the bone and dura
Rupture of what artery would cause an extradural haemorrhage?
Middle meningeal artery
If you had trauma to your pterion what kind of haemorrhage would you have?
Extradural - due to a ruptured middle meningeal artery
Where is a subdural haemorrhage?
Between the dura and arachnoid
What vessel has most likely been damaged in a subdural haemorrhage?
Cerebral veins
Where is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
A bleed into the CSF of the subarachnoid space
What kind of haemorrhage would be a result of a ruptured circle of Willis (Berry) aneurysm?
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
What cranial nerve can be damaged if their in an uncal herniation?
Occulomotor nerve
Compression of what nerve causes a blown pupil?
Occulomotor
A patient who has experienced heard trauma has a blown right pupil. What nerve on what side has been damaged.
Right occulomotor nerve
