Anatomy of the basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, and control of Movement Flashcards
Name the three layers of the cerebellar cortex (from outer to inner)
Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granular layer
If the cerebellum infratentorial or supratentorial?
Infra tentorial
How to afferent projections (inputs) enter the cerebellum?
Cerebellar peduncles
What layer of the cerebellum do afferent signals go to mostly?
The granular cell layer
What attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?
3 stalks called peduncles
What are the three peduncles made of?
White matter
Are the deep cerebellar nuclei white or grey matter?
Grey
What part of the cerebellum transmits signals to the rest of the brain?
Deep cerebellar nuclei
What symptoms would a patient get if they have a midline cerebellar lesion?
Disturbance of posture control (patient will fall over when standing or sitting)
Do the cerebellar hemispheres control the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?
Ipsilateral
What symptoms are seen in a unilateral hemispheric lesion of the cerebellum?
Disturbance of limb coordiantion resulting in tremor and unsteady gait.
What are the symptoms of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?
Slowed, slurred speech, bilateral incoordiantion of the arms and staggering
What basal ganglia make up the lenticular nucleus?
Putamen
Globus Pallidus
What basal ganglia make up the striatum?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Name all the basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Subthalamic nucleus Substnatia nigra
What basal ganglia sits in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?
Caudate nucleus
How many substantia nigra are there?
2; one of either side of the midline
What does the substantia nigra produce?
Dopamine
What condition is characterised by atrophy of the substantia nigra
parkinsons disease
How do the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to enhance normal movement?
The direct pathway; this is a neurone chain that enhances the outflow of the thalamus and enhances the desired movement.
How do the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to suppress unwanted movement?
Indirect pathway; this is a neurone chain that inhibits the outflow of the thalamus .
Does basal ganglia dysfunction affect the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?
Contralateral
What are some of the symptoms of basal ganglia dysfuntion?
Changes in muscle tone
Dyskinesis
Tremor
Chorea
What two disease are associated with basal ganglia dysfuction?
Huntingtons
Parkinsons
Do the cerebellar hemispheres influence the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?
Ipsilateral
A patient presents with slow, slurred speech, bilateral limb incoordination and a wide based gait.
Bilateral cerebellar dysfunction
A patient presents saying the fall over when standing or sitting. What part of their brain is most likely damaged?
Vermis of the cerebellum
Do lesions on the basal ganglia lead to disturbances on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?
Contraleteral
Changes in muscle tone, dyskinesis, tremor, chorea and myoclonus are due to a problem is which aspect of the brain?
Basal ganglia
