Patterns of CNS involvement

Question 1

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 1

Planning and executive function

Question 2

If there is dysfunction in the frontal lobe then this will present as…

Answer 2

Disinhibited or flippant
Change in personality
Mood/insight
Urinary incontinence

Question 3

Cortical pathology suggested by 3 things…

Answer 3

Agnosia
Apraxia
Inattention

Question 4

Seizures originating in the temporal lobe may be preceded by…

Answer 4

a sense of deja vu or strange smell

Question 5

What lobe is commonly involved in viral encephalitis

Answer 5

Medial temporal lobe

Question 6

Acute temporal lobe symptoms associated with headache in young patients should suggest

Answer 6

Viral encephalitis (in the medial temporal lobe)

Question 7

Why does cortical pathology sometimes cause visual deficits?

Answer 7

As the macula is overrepresented in the cortex

Question 8

if occipital lobe pathology what will the patient be left with in the visual field

Answer 8

A black dot- a scotoma

Question 9

A hypokinetic-hypertonic syndrome may by caused by lesions in the …

Answer 9

Pallidum or substantia nigra

Question 10

Hyperkinetic syndromes in which tone tends to decrease may be caused by lesions in the

Answer 10

caudate and putamen

Question 11

What is choreoathetosis?

Answer 11

Rapid changes in movement, writhing/dancing quality

Question 12

How is ballismus different to choreoathetosis?

Answer 12

Rarere, moe brief, violent and less smooth

Question 13

If there is ballismus where does this suggest there is a lesion?

Answer 13

Subthalamic nucleus

Question 14

If there is transection in the spinal cord there will be spastic paralysis where?

Answer 14

In all 4 limbs (teratoplegia)

Question 15

If transection was in the thoracic or lumbar spine it would just affect the ….

Answer 15

lower limbs (paraplegia)

Question 16

If anterior cord infarction due to spinal cord occlusion then symptoms may spare the …… ….. ……

Answer 16

posterior cord columns

Question 17

What causes a cape-like distribution (with upper but not lower limb weakness)

Answer 17

Expanding Syrinx

Question 18

What are causes of external compression of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

Metastasis

Haemartoma or abscess ( due to epidural anaesthesia/facet injection)

Question 19

Myelinated dorsal and lateral columns are characteristically affected by dieter deficit of which vitamin?

Answer 19

Vitamin B12

Question 20

What can affect the nerve root?

Answer 20

Disc herniation
Herpes zoster
Tumours of the nerve root

Question 21

Symmetrical peripheral polyneuropathy usually affects —- more than —-

Answer 21

feet more than hands (because the nerves are longer)

Question 22

How does peripheral myopathy commonly present?

Answer 22

Difficulty climbing stairs
Rising from a low chair
Reaching up for things on a high shelf

Question 23

Peripheral myopathy, may have a FH but what are 2 drugs hat could cause it?

Answer 23

Corticosteroids

Statins

Question 24

What condition causes fatiguability with increased weakness after activity or alter in the day

Answer 24

Myasthenia Gravis