Patterns of CNS involvement Flashcards
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Planning and executive function
If there is dysfunction in the frontal lobe then this will present as…
Disinhibited or flippant
Change in personality
Mood/insight
Urinary incontinence
Cortical pathology suggested by 3 things…
Agnosia
Apraxia
Inattention
Seizures originating in the temporal lobe may be preceded by…
a sense of deja vu or strange smell
What lobe is commonly involved in viral encephalitis
Medial temporal lobe
Acute temporal lobe symptoms associated with headache in young patients should suggest
Viral encephalitis (in the medial temporal lobe)
Why does cortical pathology sometimes cause visual deficits?
As the macula is overrepresented in the cortex
if occipital lobe pathology what will the patient be left with in the visual field
A black dot- a scotoma
A hypokinetic-hypertonic syndrome may by caused by lesions in the …
Pallidum or substantia nigra
Hyperkinetic syndromes in which tone tends to decrease may be caused by lesions in the
caudate and putamen
What is choreoathetosis?
Rapid changes in movement, writhing/dancing quality
How is ballismus different to choreoathetosis?
Rarere, moe brief, violent and less smooth
If there is ballismus where does this suggest there is a lesion?
Subthalamic nucleus
If there is transection in the spinal cord there will be spastic paralysis where?
In all 4 limbs (teratoplegia)
If transection was in the thoracic or lumbar spine it would just affect the ….
lower limbs (paraplegia)
If anterior cord infarction due to spinal cord occlusion then symptoms may spare the …… ….. ……
posterior cord columns
What causes a cape-like distribution (with upper but not lower limb weakness)
Expanding Syrinx
What are causes of external compression of the spinal cord?
Metastasis
Haemartoma or abscess ( due to epidural anaesthesia/facet injection)
Myelinated dorsal and lateral columns are characteristically affected by dieter deficit of which vitamin?
Vitamin B12
What can affect the nerve root?
Disc herniation
Herpes zoster
Tumours of the nerve root
Symmetrical peripheral polyneuropathy usually affects —- more than —-
feet more than hands (because the nerves are longer)
How does peripheral myopathy commonly present?
Difficulty climbing stairs
Rising from a low chair
Reaching up for things on a high shelf
Peripheral myopathy, may have a FH but what are 2 drugs hat could cause it?
Corticosteroids
Statins
What condition causes fatiguability with increased weakness after activity or alter in the day
Myasthenia Gravis
