Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ADELE-Noodles of Neurology > CNS infections > Flashcards

CNS infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 causes of CNS infection?

A

Direct innoculation
Local spread from adjacent structures
Spread from a distant focus of infection
Trauma to the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Just a statement really…
Time is neural tissue, untreated infection may cause brain herniation and death, cord compression and necrosis with subsequent permanent paralysis

A

PREACH IT BROTHA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Encephalopathy

A

Irritation but not inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Encephalitis

A

Infection of the brain parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aseptic meningitis

A

Non-pyogenic bacterial meningitis (i.e. not found a bacterium but think there is an infection involved often virus but not always)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of layers covering brain parenchyma

If meninges inflamed it becomes like injecting pus into the CNS, all the cranial nerves as they exit can be effected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the trio of symptoms that represent meningitis?

A

Headache, Photophobia and Neck stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does pyogenic mean?

A

Pus forming organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bacterial meningitis frequently causes severe oedema and ——- —–

A

Raised ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the common causative organism for bacterial meningitis in those age 10-21

A

Meningococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the common causative organism for bacterial meningitis in those 21+

A

Pneumococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common causative organism for bacterial meningitis in elderly?

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common causative organism for bacterial meningitis in infants

A

H.Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common causative organism for bacterial meningitis in neonates

A

E.Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two common gram + bacteria that can cause meningitis?

A 
Strep pneumonia ( diplococci in chains)
Listeria Monocytogenes (bacilli)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three gram - bacteria that can cause meningitis?

A

E.coli (bacilli)
H.Influenza (cocco bacilli)
Nisseria Meningitis (diplococci, intracellular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the likely causative bacterium in meningitis if there is a fractured cribriform plate, diabetic/alcoholic, hospitalised patient?

A

Strep Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Likely causative organism in meningitis if there is neurosurgery or head trauma?

A

Staph A or staph epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Likely causative organism if pregnant, over 55, neonates or immunosuppressed?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

A

A form of fulminant meningococcal disease in which severe septicaemia is complicated by the development of bilateral haemorrhage into the adrenal glands and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the LP look like for bacterial meningitis?

A

Cloudy turbid CSF
Polymorphs present
Low glucose
Raised protein

22
Q

Treatment of community acquired meningitis

A

IV Cefriaxone and Dexamethasone

23
Q

is listeria is suspected what should be added to the treatment regime?

A

Amoxicillin (for 21 days)

24
Q

If recent travel to a country with high rates of penicillin resistant pneumococcus add in…

A

Vancomycin

25
Q

What is the prophylactic therapy for those in close contact to those with meningitis

A

Ciprofloxacin (single dose)

26
Q

What are two specific tests that are positive in meningitis?

A

Kernig’s sign

Brudzinksis sign

27
Q

What are the indications for hospital admission in those with acute adult bacterial meningitis

A

Meningeal irritation
Impaired conscious level
Petechial rash
Those who are febrile or unwell and have had a recent fit
Ill and had recent close contact with someone with meningococcal infection

28
Q

When does viral meningitis commonly occur?

A

After a viral illness (late summer/autum)

29
Q

What are the common viruses that cause viral meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses e.g. echovirus (or coxsackie)

30
Q

If the viral meningitis is severe what is the most likely causative organism

A

HSV

31
Q

What does LP look like for patients with viral meningitis?

A

Clear fluid
Lymphocytes
Low/Normal glucose
Normal/ Slightly raised protein

32
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Viral meningitis is often self-limiting

A

TRUE

If severe then IV Acyclovir may be used

33
Q

Findings of TB meningitis on LP?

A

Low glucose
High protein
Presence of fibrin webs

34
Q

Which disease is cryptococcal meningitis common with?

A

HIV disease

35
Q

What is the treatment of TB meningitis?

A

RIPE

36
Q

When does neonatal meningitis present?

A

1st 4wks of life

37
Q

What are the 3 organisms that can cause neonatal meningitis?

A

Group B strep
E Coli
Listeria Monocytogenes

38
Q

What is the treatment of neonatal meningitis caused by group B strep?

A

Benzylpenicillin and gentamicin

39
Q

What drugs are used to treat E.Coli causing neonatal meningitis?

A

Cefotaxime and gentamicin

40
Q

What is used to treat neonatal meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Amoxicillin and gentamicin

41
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain parenchyma commonly due to viral infection

42
Q

What is the most common cause of encephalitis?

A

HSV

43
Q

What are the two ways that HSV can spread to the brain to cause encephalitis?

A
  • Through CN1

- Reactivation in trigeminal root ganglia

44
Q

How does encephalitis present?

A

Acute onset headache and fever
Altered consciousness
Focal neurological deficit

45
Q

Seizures with focal neurological deficits

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis

46
Q

Parotitis in an unvaccinated patient

A

Mumps encephalitis

47
Q

Skin lesions/vesicles in a dermatomal pattern

A

VZV encephalitis

48
Q

What is an uncommon serious sequel of measles virus

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

49
Q

How does subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis present?

A

Change in personality
Cognitive decline
Myoclonus

50
Q

Speech and memory problems is more common in encephalitis or meningitis?

A

Encephalitis`

ADELE-Noodles of Neurology (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions