Pattern recognition in neurology Flashcards
What is included within UMN?
All neurones of the motor cortex
inc basal ganglia, cerebellar motor circuits and descending tracts
What is included within LMN?
Motor neurones in anterior horn and their axons which project into the musculature in the peripheral nerve
Reflex changes with UMN v LMN lesions?
UMN- brisk
LMN- normal or descreased
Difference in muscle tone between LMN and UMN lesions?
UMN-Tone increased
LMN-Tone decreased
UMN lesion would present as…
Central pattern of sensory loss Brisk reflexes- increased deep tendon and pathological Decreased superficial reflexes Increased tone hypertrophy Upgoing plantars Clonus present No fasiculations
What is a fasciculation?
Brief spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibres, often causing a flicker of movement under the skin
If there is a lesion at the neuromuscular junction then there will be mainly sensory symptoms TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
(No sensory symptoms)
How will functional weakness present?
No wasting Normal tone Normal reflexes Erratic power Non anatomical loss
What is the difference in sensory loss between UMN and LMN lesions?
Sensory loss
UMN- central pattern
LMN- None, glove and stocking distribution, peripheral nerve or root distribution
What does cerebellar gait look like?
Broad-based and unsteady
What is dysdiadochokinesis?
Clumsy fast alternating movements
Intention tremor is increased as it gets closer to the target TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
Name 5 symptoms of hyperkinetic disorders
Dystonia Tics Myoclonus Chorea Tremor
Name 2 symptoms of hypo kinetic disorders
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
What is hypomimia?
Reduced degree of facial expression
What is hypophonia?
Soft speech resulting from lack of coordination of vocal musculature
What is one way based off the extrapyramidal symtoms to tell the difference between true Parkinsons disease and drug induced/atypical Parkinson’s?
Asymmetry in PD
Symmetry in drug induced or atypical PD
Which lobe is affected? Visual field defects
Occipital
Which lobe is affected? Attention deficits, contralateral hemispatial neglect syndrome
Parietal lobe
Which lobe is affected? Memory dysfunction, agnosia and RECEPTIVE dysphagia
Temporal lobe
Which lobe is affected? Personality and behavioural change, inability to solve problems, EXPRESSIVE dysphagia and anosmia
Frontal lobe
