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ADELE-Noodles of Neurology > Epilepsy and Seizures > Flashcards

Epilepsy and Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a seizure?

A

A short episode of symptoms caused by a burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain

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2
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

The ongoing liability to recurrent seizures

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3
Q

What can auras look like?

A

Deju-Vu

Change in smell, Vision orTaste

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4
Q

When are seizure most common?

A

Infancy and old age

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5
Q

Who are focal seizures more common in?

A

The elderly (Cortical abnormality)

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6
Q

If in a focal aware seizure there was motor signs such as stiffness, twitching or spasm which lobe of the brain would it most likely to located in?

A

The frontal lobe

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7
Q

What is a Jacksonian march?

A

A phenomenon where a focal aware seizure spreads from distal part of the limb towards the ipsilateral face

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8
Q

If in a focal aware seizure there was sensory manifestations such as tingling or numbness of pain what area of the brain is most likely affected?

A

Parietal lobe

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9
Q

If in a focal aware seizure there is visual phenomenon such as flashing lights, colours or hallucinations what is the likely lobe?

A

Occipital lobe

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10
Q

If in a focal aware seizure there is changes in mood/behaviour and a rising epigastric sensation then which lobe of the brain is it most likely in?

A

Temporal lobe

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11
Q

Focal impaired awareness seizures arise from which lobe in the majority of cases?

A

Temporal lobe

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of messiah temporal lobe epilepsy?

A

Hippocampal sclerosis

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13
Q

What are the 3 distinct components of complex partial seizures?

A

Aura
Abscence
Automitism

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14
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Awareness is always impaired on generalised seizures

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Where is the abnormality in generalised seizures?

A

Cortical network

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16
Q

What are the types of generalised seizure?

A 
Absence
Myoclonic
Clonic
Tonic
Tonic-Clonic
Atonic
17
Q

With an absence seizure there is still post-ictal confusion TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

18
Q

In what type of seizure are there 3 Hz generalised spike-waves?

A

Absence seizures

19
Q

When do juvenile myoclonic epilepsy seizures tend to occur?

A

First hour or so after wakening

20
Q

What age does juvenile myoclonic epilepsy tend to occur?

A

12-18

21
Q

What age do clonic seizures tend to occur?

A

Neonates/young children

22
Q

What drug in avoided in myoclonic seizures?

A

Carbamazepine

23
Q

Brief LOC, patient falls to the ground, often extension of the neck, upturning of the eyes and arching of the back is characteristic of which type of seizure?

A

Tonic seizure

24
Q

When his EEG indicated?

A

1-Classification of epilepsy
2-Confirmation of non-epileptic status
3-Surgical evaluation
4-Confirmation of non-convulsive status

25
Q

What are some differentials of seizures?

A 
Syncope
TIAs
Migraines
Hypoglycaemia
Tonic spasms of MS
26
Q

Give anticonvulsants to all who present with seizures TRUE/FALSE

A

NAA, Whatcha playin

Only give drugs if they have epilepsy, do NOT GIVE DRUGS IF THEY PRESENT WITH A SINGLE SEIZURE

27
Q

What is the first line treatment of absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

28
Q

What is 1st line for focal seizures?

A

Lamotrigine or carbamazepine

29
Q

What is the mode of action for sodium Valporate?

A

Na+ channel inactivation with increased GABA concentration

30
Q

What anticonvulsant drug is used in pregnancy as it is not teratogenic?

A

Lamotrigine

31
Q

What is Status epilepticus?

A

A convulsive seizure which continues for a prolonged period (5 minutes+)
OR
When convulsive seizures occur one after the other with no recovery inbetween

32
Q

What is the treatment for status epileptics in the community v in hospital?

A

Community- Midazolam

Hospital-Lorazepam

33
Q

What is some of the lasting damage that status epileptics can cause?

A

Respiratory insufficiency
Hypotension
Hyperthermia
Rhabdomyolysis

ADELE-Noodles of Neurology (38 decks)

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