Haemorrhage Flashcards
What are three examples of vascular pathology that are often associated with haemorrhage?
Aneurysm, AVM, Hypertension
Where does brain haemorrhage most commonly occur?
Basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebral white matter and cerebellum
what are the 3 types of spontaneous haemorrhage?
Intracerebral haemorrhage
Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage
Haemorrhagic infarct
What are the 5 types of traumatic haemorrhage?
Extra-dural Sub-dural Contusion Intracerebral Sub-arachnoid
On morphology of cut surface of a haemorrhage there will be well-demarcated intra-parenchymal haemoatomas and oedema but no necrosis TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
Which two groups of people are falls most common in?
Those with drinking problems
The elderly
What is the mortality associated with an acute subdural haemorrhage?
> 60% mortality
Which type of haemorrhage is associated with disruption of the bridging veins?
Subdural haemorrhage
Berry aneurysm is associated with what condition?
PKD
3 causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage?
1- Circle of Willis aneurysm
2-AVM
3-No underlying cause
Which type of haemorrhage does this describe?
Sudden onset severe headache, less than 5m to peak
What are the two differential diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Migraine
Benign coital cephalgia
If the CT scan is negative then what is the gold standard to find if the patient has a bleed?
Lumbar puncture
What technique is used to find where the bleed is?
Cerebral angiography
In a young person you often don’t see the temporal horns of lateral ventricles. If you do then the YP has …
Raised CSF
What does delayed ischaemia neurological deficit (DIND) look like?
3-12 days after
Altered consciousnes level or focal deficit
Vasospam is the underlying problem
What is the treatment for delayed ischemia neurological deficit?
Triple H therapy- induced... -Hypertension -Hypervolaemia -Hemodilution NIMODIPINE AND HIGH FLUID INTAKE
AVM are a risk to bleeding but also….
Can act as SOLs which can grow and lead to focal neurological deficits
There is secondary meningitis with intracerebral haemorrhage TRUE/FASLE
FALSE
The bleed is contained therefore don’t get secondary meningitis
What are the two investigations that would be done in intracerebral haemorrhage?
CT Scan
Angiography
