Pathology of the Urinary System III Flashcards
What is Uretral aplasia?
lack of formation of ureter
What is uretral hypoplasia?
notably small diameter ureter
What is an ectopic ureter?
Empty in a different level of the urinary tract/ prostate instead of the normal location
What is patent urachus?
Common malformation of the urinary bladder
* foetal urachus fails to close (tissues that connect the developing bladder to the umbilical cord)
* makes you more susceptible to infection
Name four things that can cause hydroureter
- Calculi
- Chronic inflammation
- Neoplasia
- Accidental ligation during surgery
What is urolithiasis?
Calculi in urinary passages
* It is the most important urinary tract problem in domestic animals
What is the essential precursor to initiating urolith formation?
supersaturation of urine
What are three reasons why uroliths may form?
- a substance is metabolised in an unusual way
- substance may be processed abnormally by the kidney
- substance may be in abnormally high levels in the diet
What are five predisposing factors for uroliths?
- The Urinary pH
- Reduced Water Intake
- Bacterial infection of the Lower Urinary Tract
- Obstruction
- Foreign Bodies
- Drug metabolites are excreted in urine
What does the rupture of the urethra/bladder cause?
uroperitoneum + haemorrhage
What is Cystitis?
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
What is ureteritis?
inflammation of ureters
rare in the absence of cystitis
What is urethritis?
Inflammation of the urethra
usually associated with obstruction by calculus from the bladder
What are the predisposing factors of inflammation of the lower urinary tract?
- Stagnation of urine (obstruction)
- incomplete bladder emptying
- Trauma (catheterisation)
- Urinary incontinence
- Vaginitis
- Corticoids
What are the concurrent diseases for cystitis
- Diabetes mellitus
- Proteinuria
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- Pyometra
- Hyperestrogenism
