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VMS 2006 > Herpesvirus > Flashcards

Herpesvirus Flashcards

1
Q

How does the reproductive version of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis manifest?

A
  • Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cows and heifers
  • infectious pustular balanoposthitis in bulls
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2
Q

Where does BOHV-1 replicate?

A

It replicates in the mucous membranes of the genital tract

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3
Q

Where does BOHV-1 establish latency?

A

It establishes latency in the sacral ganglia

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4
Q

What two things cause the BOHV-1 virus to re-activate

A
  • Stress such as transportation
  • Corticosteroids
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5
Q

How is BOHV-1 transmissed?

A
  • Via Aerosols
  • Via direct Contact
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6
Q

How would you diagnose BOHV-1 ?

A
  • Samples- nasal swabs, serum, tissue,
  • Take antibodies from a serum (latent infection)
  • Virus isolation (PCR)
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7
Q

What are the main control strategies for BOHV-1?

A
  • Detection and slaughter
  • Vaccination and slaughter
  • Strict biosecurity measures
  • detection of antibody positive herds and segregation from the seronegative
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8
Q

What are the three main BoHV-1 Vaccines?

A
  • Modified Live-Marker vaccine (DIVA)
  • Inert (inactivated and subunit) vaccines
  • Attenuated live vaccine
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9
Q

What three things do both BOHV-1 and BOHV-5 have in common?

A
  • Infect the epithelial cells at the portal of entry
  • Establish a latent infection in the sensory nerve ganglia
  • Have different neurovirulence capacities- BOHV-5 invades all areas of the CNS
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10
Q

What is BOHV-5?

A

Bovine Herpes Encephalitis

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11
Q

Where is the distribution of BOHV-5 restricted to?

A

It is restricted to South America

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12
Q

What are the three respiratory clinical signs of BOHV-5?

A
  1. Serous nasal discharge
  2. Severe depression with anorexia
  3. Hypersalivation
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13
Q

What are the five neurological clinical signs of BOHV-5?

A
  1. Jaw champing
  2. Muscle trembling
  3. Circling to the side
  4. Pushing their head against a wall
  5. Ataxia, followed by seizures

Vulvovaginitis and abortion have also been seen

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14
Q

Where is the BOHV-5 virus excreted?

A

It is excreted in semen-> differential diagnosis from BOHV-1

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15
Q

What is BOHV-2?

A
  • Ulcerative disease of the teats and udders of cattle

Bovine Herpes Mammilitis

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16
Q

Which virus has the most severe presentation in cattle?

A

BOHV-2

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17
Q

What season does BOHV-2 usually present?

A

It usually presents in the autumn and early winter and often affects first time heifers

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18
Q

What is the recovery for BOHV-2 like?

A

It is usually a full recovery with completely ormal udders
* even if the presentation is severe
* only providing any secondary infections/ mastitis can be controlled

19
Q

What is found on the muzzles of calves whos heifers have BOHV-2?

A

presence of ulcers

20
Q

What is the incubation period of BOHV-2?

A

2-4 days with a seroconversion of 7-14 days

21
Q

Name 4 clinical signs of BOHV-2

A
  1. High fever for 4-5 days
  2. Red appearance of the nasal mucosa/ nasal discharge
  3. Heavy breathing and Cough
  4. Abortion 4-8 months
22
Q

Where are the viral lesions of BOHV-2 usually found?

A

Foetal liver and placenta

23
Q

What does severe BOHV-2 infection lead to?

A

orchitis (swollen testes) and endometritis in the cow
usually recover within 2 weeks

24
Q

What are the three main symptoms of EHV-1/ 4?

A
  • Respiratory disease
  • Abortion
  • Neurological form= equine myelencephalopathy
25
Q

What is the treatment for EHV-1/EHV-4?

A
  • Antibiotics to prevent a secondary bacterial infection
  • Vaccination is also available
26
Q

Name 3 neurological symptoms of EHV-1 infection

A
  • Hindlimb incoordinaton
  • Urinary and faecal retention
  • Loss of sensation in the perineum and tail
27
Q

What is the main pathogenesis of EHV-1?

they replicate in several cells including…

A
  • Leukocytes, such as myeloid cells CD8 T cells
  • Trigeminal ganglia
  • Endothelial cells (only EHV-1 replication site)
28
Q

What causes the endothelial cell damage from EHV-1?

A
  • Viral replication
  • Immune responses
  • Immune-Complex association
29
Q

What is the in-utero consequence of EHV-1?

A

Vasculitis, Abortion

30
Q

What is the in-brain consequence of endothelial cell damage in EHV-1?

A

Vasculitis, endothelial damage, ganglio and neuropathy- paresis/ paralysis

31
Q

What charcterises Aujeskys disease?

overall central nervous system signs

A
  • hind-leg paralyis
  • meningo-encephalitis
  • high mortality in young animals
  • respiratory illness in older pigs
  • 50% abortion in a susceptible herd
32
Q

How is AUJESZKY’S DISEASE
transmissed between pigs?

A
  • Nose to nose
  • Feed
  • Aerosols
  • Iatrogenic
33
Q

How is AUJESZKY’S DISEASE transmissed to other animals?

A
  • Consumption of pig meat
  • rats can also transmit between farms
34
Q

What are the symptoms of canin herpesvirus in sexually mature dogs?

A
  • Genital disease
  • abortion/ stillbirth
  • Vaginal/preputial discharge
  • Focal nodular lesion of the vaginal, preputial and penile epithelium
35
Q

How is CHV in puppies usually transmissed?

A
  • By the infected mother during birth
  • Contact with infected saliva/ nasal secretion
  • sometimess aerosols
36
Q

What are the clinical signs of CHV in puppies?

A
  • Haemorrhage of blood vessels
  • General weakness/crying
  • abdominal pain
  • nasal and ocular discharges
  • excessive drooling
  • yellow faeces/ diarrhoea
37
Q

When does CHV cause death in puppies?

A

When they become hypothermic
* Virus is adapted to 33 degrees
* viral replication in the vascular endothelial cells of blood vessels
* keeping puppies warm improves the prognosis

38
Q

How would you prevent CHV infection from the mother to the puppies?

A
  • Vaccinate mother whilst she is in heat, during early pregnancy and then 14 days before giving birth

doesnt eliminate the risk to unborn pups but it does minimise it

39
Q

What is the most common type of anti-herpesvirus drug?

A

nucloeside analogues (anti-herpesviral agents)

40
Q

Name two antivirals that can be used for the helicase

A
  1. Pritelivir
  2. Amenamivir
41
Q

Name 5 anti-virals that can be used for the polymerase

A
  1. Famiciclovir
  2. Acyclovir
  3. Ciclofovir
  4. Foscarnet
  5. Ganciclovir
42
Q

How does acyclovir work?

A
  • Acyclovir incorporate itself into the chain
  • it has no 3’ hydroxyl so the chain cannot continue

called chain termination

43
Q

How often is acyclovir given?

A

3/4 times a day over a short period of time

VMS 2006 (23 decks)

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