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VMS 2006 > Chlamydiosis > Flashcards

Chlamydiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of chlamydia?

A
  • Two membranes
  • truncated lipopolysaccharides
  • absence of peptidoglycan
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2
Q

What type of bacteria is chlamydia?

A

Obligate intracellular bacteria

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3
Q

What are the general characteristics of chlamydia?

A
  • Non-motile Coccoid shaped
  • Have extra chromosones present
  • lack ATP-generating ability- therefore rely on the host
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4
Q

What are the three states in the chlamydia development cycle?

A
  • Elementary bodies
  • Reticular bodies
  • Aberrant bodies
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5
Q

What two infections can Chlamydia trachomitis cause?

A

Ocular and Urogenital

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6
Q

What causes enzootic abortion in ewes?

A

Chlamydia abortus
* a disease of intensively mananged flocks
* commonly introduced via replacement ewes

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7
Q

What causes feline chlamydiosis?

A

Chlamydia felis

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of Feline Chlamydiosis?

A
  • Conjunctivitis, rhinitis in cats
  • ocular discharge in the secondary infections
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9
Q

What causes bovine chlamydia?

Sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis

A

Chlamydia pecorum

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10
Q

What primarily causes Chlamydia in koalas?

A

C.pecorum

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of Chlamydia in Koalas?

A
  • Ocular and Urogenital tract disease
  • Kerato-conjunctivitis
  • UTI’s/ wet-bottom potential for infertility in males and females
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12
Q

What causes avian chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of avian chlamydia?

A
  • Generalised infection
  • digestive/ respiratory infection
  • loss of condition, nasal discharge, diarrhoea, respiratory distress
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14
Q

What is the best way to treat avian chlamydia?

A
  • Tetracyclines, an extended course over several weeks
  • there is no commercial vaccine
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15
Q

What does Chlamydia pneumoniae in humans cause?

A

severe upper and lower respiratory infections

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16
Q

What chlamydia subspecies causes infection in humans?

A

C.trachomatis

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17
Q

What Chlamydia subspecies causes infection in koalas and humans?

A

C.pneumoniae

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18
Q

When are persistent/ aberrant EB’s induced?

A

Under adverse environmental conditions
1. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics
2. Host immune response is triggered

once conditions are gone they go back to reticulate

19
Q

What does C.trachomatis cause in the eyes of humans?

A

Trachoma = infection of the conjunctival epithelium

20
Q

What is trachomatous trichiasis

caused by C.trachomatis

A

eyelashes rub against the eyeballs causing corneal scarring

21
Q

How is C.trachomatis usually transmitted?

A

It is transmitted via person-person contact with discharge from the eyes/nose

22
Q

What does C.trachomatis cause in females?

Urogenital infections

A
  • Urethritis
  • Cervicitis
  • Pelvic inflammatory disorder
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • postpartum fever
23
Q

What does C. Trachomatis cause in males?

Urogenital Infection

A
  • Urethritis
  • Mild Burning
  • White discharge from the penis
24
Q

What Chlamydia subtype causes Reiter’s syndrome?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

25
Q

What is the treatment for LGV?

Caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis

A
  • Tetracycline for 21 days
26
Q

What is the treatment for the ocular and genital infections

Caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis

A

azithromycin
or doxycycline for 7 days

27
Q

How does enzootic abortion of ewes occur when new ewes are added onto the farm?

A
  • bacteria shed from placental/ uterine discharge
  • bacteria remain live at low temperatures
28
Q

What is the pathogenesis of EAE?

A
  • The reservoir is unknown
  • Bacteria are detected at 90 days gestation
  • they target the trophoblast layer ( inflammation, vasculitis, necrosis)
29
Q

What is EAE abortion due to?

A
  • reduced efficacy of the foetal-maternal exchange
  • disruption of endocrine function
  • disrupted immune balance (immune expulsion of the foetus)
30
Q

What are the four main clinical signs of EAE?

A
  1. Abortion Storms in Housed Flocks (5-10%)
  2. Enzootic abortion in the last three weeks of pregnancy
  3. Most of the aborted lambs appear fresh and ‘well-developed’
  4. Dirty Pink Uterine Discharge
31
Q

What are the 4 main ways you can treat/ control Chlamydia?

A
  1. Antibiotics (oxytetracycline)
  2. Biosecurity/ Isolation (destroy bedding and aborted materials)
  3. Vaccination (live/ attenuated)
  4. Culling
32
Q

In what age of cats is feline chlamydia most common?

A

Cats below a year of age

33
Q

When does mucopurulent ocular discharge occur in feline chlamydiosis?

A
  • Secondary Infections
  • Mycoplasma felis/ Staphylococci
34
Q

What are the clinical signs of sporadic bovine encephalyomyelitis?

A

Clinical signs
* high fever
* lack of coordination
* depression
* excessive salivation
* diarrhoea

35
Q

What are the three main clinical signs of chlamydia in koalas?

A
  1. Ocular and Urogenital tract disease
  2. Kerato-Conjunctivitis- leading to blindness
  3. UTI’s (wet bottom)
36
Q

What is avian chalmydiosis typically induced by?

A

Typically induced by stress

37
Q

What are the three main clinical signs of avian chlamydiosis?

A
  • Generalised infection
  • Digestion/ Respiratory Infection
  • loss of condition, nasal and ocular discharge, diarrhoea, respiratory distress
38
Q

What is the main treatment of avian chlamydiosis?

A
  • Tetracyclines, extended course over several weeks
  • there is no commercial vaccine
39
Q

What can Chlamydia Pneumoniae cause?

A
  • Causes severe upper and lower respiratory infection
  • has a very widespread host range
  • long incubation period
40
Q

What do aberrant bodies have?

A
  • Altered transcription of membrane proteins
  • Enhanced resistance to antibiotics

The removal of stress allows development

persistence can lead to treatment failure

41
Q

What do all types of chlamydia cause?

A

Reiters disease/ Reactive arthritis

42
Q

What does chlamydia type L1-3 cause?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

43
Q
A

VMS 2006 (23 decks)

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