Pathology of the Nervous System - Recognising the Abnormal

Question 1

Prevalence of neurological disease - dogs, ruminants, rat

Answer 1

Question 2

Brain at necroscopy - major anatomical changes and types of lesions (7)

Answer 2

Question 3

Gross neurological specimen samples taken to be representative (6)

Answer 3

Question 4

What stain is used for neuroanatomy?

Answer 4

Luxol fast blue - stains myelin (white matter)

Question 5

Answer 5

Frontal lobe/basal nuclei

Question 6

Answer 6

Thalamus

Question 7

Answer 7

Midbrain

Question 8

Answer 8

Pons

Question 9

Answer 9

Brainstem/cerebellum

Question 10

Answer 10

Brainstem

Question 11

Answer 11

Spinal cord

Question 12

How does lesion distribution affect clinical signs? (Lobes of brain and their func) (4)

Answer 12

Question 13

Spinal cord anatomy (16)

Answer 13

Question 14

Neuroanatomy - where do sensory and motor nerves enter and leave?

Answer 14

Question 15

Symmetrical lesion (3)

Answer 15

Question 16

Focal lesion (2)

Answer 16

Question 17

Multifocal lesion (2)

Answer 17

Question 18

Lesion in meninges

Answer 18

Question 19

Lesion in ventricles

Answer 19

Question 20

Difference between lesions in white and grey matter

Answer 20

Question 21

What is malacia? (3)

Answer 21

Question 22

CNS fibrosis (2)

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the lesion

Answer 23

Question 24

Major lesion patterns (5)

Answer 24

Question 25

Causes of traumatic brain injury (4)

Answer 25

Question 26

Primary traumatic brain lesion (2)

Answer 26

• Mechanical disruption of tissue - penetrating wounds (compressed fracture of skull)
• Haemorrhage and oedema (vasogenic) - brain swelling, confined -> knock-on effects in tissues

Question 27

Secondary traumatic brain injury lesion (2)

Answer 27

• Occurs within hours to days after injury, cascade of changes, frequently fatal
• Haemorrhage and oedema (cytotoxic)

Question 28

Effects of blunt force trauma to brain - coup and contre-coup lesions (4)

Answer 28

Question 29

What is contusion? (4)

Answer 29

Question 30

Effects of trauma - haemorrhage (4)

Answer 30

Question 31

Effects of trauma - oedema

Answer 31

Question 32

What are penetrating brain injuries caused by? (5)

Answer 32

Question 33

What are the effects of penetrating brain juries? (5)

Answer 33

Question 34

Accidental and pathological causes of traumatic spinal cord injuries. (9)

Answer 34

Question 35

Trauma to the spinal cord - contusion (4)

Answer 35

Question 36

Trauma to the spinal cord - compression (5)

Answer 36

Question 37

Intervertebral disc disease - dogs, pathology, causes (6)

Answer 37

Question 38

What is cervical stenotic myelopathy “Wobbler Syndrome”? (6)

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the lesion

Answer 39